【python】numpy库linspace相同间隔采样 详解

linspace可以用来实现相同间隔的采样；
numpy.linspace(start,stop,num=50,endpoint=True,retstep=False, dtype=None)
返回num均匀分布的样本，在[start, stop]。

• Parameters(参数):

  start : scalar(标量) The starting value of the sequence(序列的起始点).
  stop : scalar 序列的结束点，除非endpoint被设置为False，在这种情况下, the sequence consists of all but the last of num + 1 evenly spaced samples(该序列包括所有除了最后的num+1上均匀分布的样本(感觉这样翻译有点坑)), 以致于stop被排除.当endpoint is False的时候注意步长的大小(下面有例子).
  num : int, optional(可选)， 生成的样本数，默认是50。必须是非负。
  endpoint : bool, optional， 如果是真，则一定包括stop，如果为False，一定不会有stop
  retstep : bool, optional If True, return (samples, step), where step is the spacing between
  samples.(看例子)
  dtype : dtype, optional The type of the output array. If dtype is not given, infer the data type from the other input arguments(推断这个输入用例从其他的输入中). New in version 1.9.0.

• Returns:

  samples : ndarray
  There are num equally spaced samples in the closed
  interval [start, stop] or the half-open
  interval [start, stop) (depending on whether endpoint is True or False).
  step : float(只有当retstep设置为真的时候才会存在)
  Only returned if retstep is True
  Size of spacing between samples.

当endpoint被设置为False的时候

import numpy as np
np.linspace(1, 10, 10)
array([ 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10.])
np.linspace(1, 10, 10, endpoint = False)
array([ 1. , 1.9, 2.8, 3.7, 4.6, 5.5, 6.4, 7.3, 8.2, 9.1])
In [4]: np.linspace(1, 10, 10, endpoint = False, retstep= True)
Out[4]: (array([ 1. , 1.9, 2.8, 3.7, 4.6, 5.5, 6.4, 7.3, 8.2, 9.1]), 0.9)

官网的例子Examples

>>> np.linspace(2.0, 3.0, num=5)
    array([ 2.  ,  2.25,  2.5 ,  2.75,  3.  ])
>>> np.linspace(2.0, 3.0, num=5, endpoint=False)
    array([ 2. ,  2.2,  2.4,  2.6,  2.8])
>>> np.linspace(2.0, 3.0, num=5, retstep=True)
    (array([ 2.  ,  2.25,  2.5 ,  2.75,  3.  ]), 0.25)

Graphical illustration:

>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
>>> N = 8
>>> y = np.zeros(N)
>>> x1 = np.linspace(0, 10, N, endpoint=True)
>>> x2 = np.linspace(0, 10, N, endpoint=False)
>>> plt.plot(x1, y, 'o')
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x...>]
>>> plt.plot(x2, y + 0.5, 'o')
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x...>]
>>> plt.ylim([-0.5, 1])
(-0.5, 1)
>>> plt.show()