必须返回对象时，别妄想返回其reference（static用法陷阱）

根据条款21的说明。实现了static版本的代码

class Rational{
public:
    Rational(){}
    Rational(int numerator/* = 0*/, int denominator = 5)
    {
        numerator1 = numerator;
        denominator1 = denominator;
    }
public:
    int numerator1;
    int denominator1;
};

bool operator == (const Rational& lhs, const Rational& rhs)
{
    if (lhs.numerator1*rhs.denominator1 == rhs.numerator1*lhs.denominator1)
        return true;
    else
        return false;
}

const Rational& operator*(const Rational& lhs, const Rational& rhs)
{
    static Rational result;
    result.numerator1 = lhs.numerator1*rhs.numerator1;
    result.denominator1 = lhs.denominator1*rhs.denominator1;
    return result;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    Rational oneEight(1, 8);
    Rational oneHalf(1, 2);
    Rational onefour(1, 4);
    Rational onefive(1, 5);

    Rational one = oneEight*oneHalf;
    Rational two = onefour*onefive;

    if( one == two )
        qDebug()<<"true";
    else
        qDebug()<<"false";

    if((oneEight*oneHalf)==(onefour*onefive))
        qDebug()<<"this is true";
    else
        qDebug()<<"this is false";
}

结果

第二个if判断语句中。在operator==被调用前，已有两个operat*调用式起作用，每一个都返回reference指向operator*内部定义的static Rational对象。因此operator==被要求将“operator*内的static Rational对象值”拿来和“operator*内的static Rational对象值”比较，结果一定是一样的。（两次operator*调用的确各自改变了static Rational对象值，但由于它们返回的都是 reference，因此调用端看到的永远是static Rational对象的“现值”。）