缩写习惯

转自：http://i.linuxtoy.org/docs/guide/ch02s02.html

构建于图形界面之上的操作系统，使用鼠标作为主输入设备， 是否使用缩写并不重要。比如 Windows 系统中的目录，几乎都是全称…… 点击两次鼠标进入文件夹 pf， 并不意味着点击13次才能进入文件夹 Program Files

而构建于命令行之上的操作系统，如 Linux，只要3个字母以上的单词，几乎都要缩写。 例如： cd 命令是 Change Directory 的缩写。 作为常用命令，如果使用它的全称 Change Directory，绝对是无聊和乏味的工作。

最常见的缩写，取每个单词的首字母，如

cd	Change Directory
dd	Disk Dump
df	Disk Free
du	Disk Usage
pwd	Print Working Directory
ps	Processes Status
PS	Prompt Strings
su	Substitute User
rc	Run Command
Tcl	Tool Command Language
cups	Common Unix Printing System
apt	Advanced Packaging Tool
bg	BackGround
ping	Packet InterNet Grouper

如果首字母后为“h”，通常保留

chsh	CHange SHell
chmod	CHange MODe
chown	CHange OWNer
chgrp	CHange GRouP
bash	Bourne Again SHell
zsh	Z SHell
ksh	Korn SHell
ssh	Secure SHell

递归缩写^[3]也属于这一类，如：

GNU	GNU's Not Unix
PHP	PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
RPM	RPM Package Manager
WINE	WINE Is Not an Emulator
PNG	PNG's Not GIF
nano	Nano's ANOther editor

有些缩写可能有多种定义，如：

rpm
RPM Package Manager 
RedHat Package Manager
  
bc
Basic Calculator
Better Calculator  

这方面 Emacs 可谓独领风骚：

Emacs  
Editor MACroS
Emacs Makes A Computer Slow
Escape Meta Alt Control Shift
Emacs Makers Are Crazy Sickos
Emacs Makes All Computing Simple
Emacs Makefiles Annihilate C-Shells
Emacs Manuals Always Cause Senility
Emacs May Allow Customized Screwups
Emacs Manuals Are Cryptic and Surreal
Eventually Munches All Computer Storage
Eight Megabytes And Constantly Swapping
Elsewhere Maybe All Commands are Simple
Excellent Manuals Are Clearly Suppressed
Emacs May Alienate Clients and Supporters
Except by Middle Aged Computer Scientists
Extended Macros Are Considered Superfluous
Every Mode Accelerates Creation of Software
Each Manual's Audience is Completely Stupefied
Exceptionally Mediocre Algorithm for Computer Scientists
Easily Maintained with the Assistance of Chemical Solutions
Eradication of Memory Accomplished with Complete Simplicity  

如果只有一个单词，通常取每个音节的首字母：

cp	CoPy
ln	LiNk
ls	LiSt
mv	MoVe
rm	ReMove

对于目录，通常使用前几个字母作为缩写：

bin	BINaries
dev	DEVices
etc	ETCetera
lib	LIBrary
var	VARiable
proc	PROCesses
sbin	Superuser BINaries
tmp	TeMPorary
usr	Unix Shared Resources

这种缩写的其它情况

diff	DIFFerences
cal	CALendar
cat	CATenate
ed	EDitor
exec	EXECute
tab	TABle
regexp	REGular EXPression

如果某种缩写比较深入人心，例如“mesg”代表“message”，在新的复合缩写中，将沿用这种缩写方式

dmesg	Diagnostic MESsaGe
sed	Stream EDitor
stty	Set TTY
fstab	FileSystem TABle
passwd	PASSWorD

有些缩写中，第一个字母“g”，代表“GNU”

awk	Aho Weiberger and Kernighan
gawk	GNU AWK
gpg	GNU Privacy Guard
grep	GNU Regular Expression Print
egrep	Extended GREP

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^[3] 定义中包含自身缩写，如 GNU：

GNU's Not Unix

使用这个定义来解释定义中的缩写：

(GNU's Not Unix)'s Not Unix

这意味着它是可以无限递归的：

(((((GNU's Not Unix)'s Not Unix)'s Not Unix)'s Not Unix)'s Not Unix)'s Not Unix ……