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SQL code
/* 标题：一个项目涉及到的50个Sql语句(整理版) 作者：爱新觉罗.毓华(十八年风雨，守得冰山雪莲花开) 时间：2010-05-10 地点：重庆航天职业学院 说明：以下五十个语句都按照测试数据进行过测试，最好每次只单独运行一个语句。 问题及描述： --1.学生表 Student(S#,Sname,Sage,Ssex) --S# 学生编号,Sname 学生姓名,Sage 出生年月,Ssex 学生性别 --2.课程表 Course(C#,Cname,T#) --C# --课程编号,Cname 课程名称,T# 教师编号 --3.教师表 Teacher(T#,Tname) --T# 教师编号,Tname 教师姓名 --4.成绩表 SC(S#,C#,score) --S# 学生编号,C# 课程编号,score 分数 */ -- 创建测试数据 create table Student(S# varchar ( 10 ),Sname nvarchar ( 10 ),Sage datetime ,Ssex nvarchar ( 10 )) insert into Student values ( ' 01 ' , N ' 赵雷 ' , ' 1990-01-01 ' , N ' 男 ' ) insert into Student values ( ' 02 ' , N ' 钱电 ' , ' 1990-12-21 ' , N ' 男 ' ) insert into Student values ( ' 03 ' , N ' 孙风 ' , ' 1990-05-20 ' , N ' 男 ' ) insert into Student values ( ' 04 ' , N ' 李云 ' , ' 1990-08-06 ' , N ' 男 ' ) insert into Student values ( ' 05 ' , N ' 周梅 ' , ' 1991-12-01 ' , N ' 女 ' ) insert into Student values ( ' 06 ' , N ' 吴兰 ' , ' 1992-03-01 ' , N ' 女 ' ) insert into Student values ( ' 07 ' , N ' 郑竹 ' , ' 1989-07-01 ' , N ' 女 ' ) insert into Student values ( ' 08 ' , N ' 王菊 ' , ' 1990-01-20 ' , N ' 女 ' ) create table Course(C# varchar ( 10 ),Cname nvarchar ( 10 ),T# varchar ( 10 )) insert into Course values ( ' 01 ' , N ' 语文 ' , ' 02 ' ) insert into Course values ( ' 02 ' , N ' 数学 ' , ' 01 ' ) insert into Course values ( ' 03 ' , N ' 英语 ' , ' 03 ' ) create table Teacher(T# varchar ( 10 ),Tname nvarchar ( 10 )) insert into Teacher values ( ' 01 ' , N ' 张三 ' ) insert into Teacher values ( ' 02 ' , N ' 李四 ' ) insert into Teacher values ( ' 03 ' , N ' 王五 ' ) create table SC(S# varchar ( 10 ),C# varchar ( 10 ),score decimal ( 18 , 1 )) insert into SC values ( ' 01 ' , ' 01 ' , 80 ) insert into SC values ( ' 01 ' , ' 02 ' , 90 ) insert into SC values ( ' 01 ' , ' 03 ' , 99 ) insert into SC values ( ' 02 ' , ' 01 ' , 70 ) insert into SC values ( ' 02 ' , ' 02 ' , 60 ) insert into SC values ( ' 02 ' , ' 03 ' , 80 ) insert into SC values ( ' 03 ' , ' 01 ' , 80 ) insert into SC values ( ' 03 ' , ' 02 ' , 80 ) insert into SC values ( ' 03 ' , ' 03 ' , 80 ) insert into SC values ( ' 04 ' , ' 01 ' , 50 ) insert into SC values ( ' 04 ' , ' 02 ' , 30 ) insert into SC values ( ' 04 ' , ' 03 ' , 20 ) insert into SC values ( ' 05 ' , ' 01 ' , 76 ) insert into SC values ( ' 05 ' , ' 02 ' , 87 ) insert into SC values ( ' 06 ' , ' 01 ' , 31 ) insert into SC values ( ' 06 ' , ' 03 ' , 34 ) insert into SC values ( ' 07 ' , ' 02 ' , 89 ) insert into SC values ( ' 07 ' , ' 03 ' , 98 ) go -- 1、查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数 -- 1.1、查询同时存在"01"课程和"02"课程的情况 select a. * , b.score [ 课程'01'的分数 ] ,c.score [ 课程'02'的分数 ] from Student a , SC b , SC c where a.S# = b.S# and a.S# = c.S# and b.C# = ' 01 ' and c.C# = ' 02 ' and b.score > c.score -- 1.2、查询同时存在"01"课程和"02"课程的情况和存在"01"课程但可能不存在"02"课程的情况(不存在时显示为null)(以下存在相同内容时不再解释) select a. * , b.score [ 课程"01"的分数 ] ,c.score [ 课程"02"的分数 ] from Student a left join SC b on a.S# = b.S# and b.C# = ' 01 ' left join SC c on a.S# = c.S# and c.C# = ' 02 ' where b.score > isnull (c.score, 0 ) -- 2、查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩低的学生的信息及课程分数 -- 2.1、查询同时存在"01"课程和"02"课程的情况 select a. * , b.score [ 课程'01'的分数 ] ,c.score [ 课程'02'的分数 ] from Student a , SC b , SC c where a.S# = b.S# and a.S# = c.S# and b.C# = ' 01 ' and c.C# = ' 02 ' and b.score < c.score -- 2.2、查询同时存在"01"课程和"02"课程的情况和不存在"01"课程但存在"02"课程的情况 select a. * , b.score [ 课程"01"的分数 ] ,c.score [ 课程"02"的分数 ] from Student a left join SC b on a.S# = b.S# and b.C# = ' 01 ' left join SC c on a.S# = c.S# and c.C# = ' 02 ' where isnull (b.score, 0 ) < c.score -- 3、查询平均成绩大于等于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩 select a.S# , a.Sname , cast ( avg (b.score) as decimal ( 18 , 2 )) avg_score from Student a , sc b where a.S# = b.S# group by a.S# , a.Sname having cast ( avg (b.score) as decimal ( 18 , 2 )) >= 60 order by a.S# -- 4、查询平均成绩小于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩 -- 4.1、查询在sc表存在成绩的学生信息的SQL语句。 select a.S# , a.Sname , cast ( avg (b.score) as decimal ( 18 , 2 )) avg_score from Student a , sc b where a.S# = b.S# group by a.S# , a.Sname having cast ( avg (b.score) as decimal ( 18 , 2 )) < 60 order by a.S# -- 4.2、查询在sc表中不存在成绩的学生信息的SQL语句。 select a.S# , a.Sname , isnull ( cast ( avg (b.score) as decimal ( 18 , 2 )), 0 ) avg_score from Student a left join sc b on a.S# = b.S# group by a.S# , a.Sname having isnull ( cast ( avg (b.score) as decimal ( 18 , 2 )), 0 ) < 60 order by a.S# -- 5、查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩 -- 5.1、查询所有有成绩的SQL。 select a.S# [ 学生编号 ] , a.Sname [ 学生姓名 ] , count (b.C#) 选课总数, sum (score) [ 所有课程的总成绩 ] from Student a , SC b where a.S# = b.S# group by a.S#,a.Sname order by a.S# -- 5.2、查询所有(包括有成绩和无成绩)的SQL。 select a.S# [ 学生编号 ] , a.Sname [ 学生姓名 ] , count (b.C#) 选课总数, sum (score) [ 所有课程的总成绩 ] from Student a left join SC b on a.S# = b.S# group by a.S#,a.Sname order by a.S# -- 6、查询"李"姓老师的数量 -- 方法1 select count (Tname) [ "李"姓老师的数量 ] from Teacher where Tname like N ' 李% ' -- 方法2 select count (Tname) [ "李"姓老师的数量 ] from Teacher where left (Tname, 1 ) = N ' 李 ' /* "李"姓老师的数量 ----------- 1 */ -- 7、查询学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息 select distinct Student. * from Student , SC , Course , Teacher where Student.S# = SC.S# and SC.C# = Course.C# and Course.T# = Teacher.T# and Teacher.Tname = N ' 张三 ' order by Student.S# -- 8、查询没学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息 select m. * from Student m where S# not in ( select distinct SC.S# from SC , Course , Teacher where SC.C# = Course.C# and Course.T# = Teacher.T# and Teacher.Tname = N ' 张三 ' ) order by m.S# -- 9、查询学过编号为"01"并且也学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的信息 -- 方法1 select Student. * from Student , SC where Student.S# = SC.S# and SC.C# = ' 01 ' and exists ( Select 1 from SC SC_2 where SC_2.S# = SC.S# and SC_2.C# = ' 02 ' ) order by Student.S# -- 方法2 select Student. * from Student , SC where Student.S# = SC.S# and SC.C# = ' 02 ' and exists ( Select 1 from SC SC_2 where SC_2.S# = SC.S# and SC_2.C# = ' 01 ' ) order by Student.S# -- 方法3 select m. * from Student m where S# in ( select S# from ( select distinct S# from SC where C# = ' 01 ' union all select distinct S# from SC where C# = ' 02 ' ) t group by S# having count ( 1 ) = 2 ) order by m.S# -- 10、查询学过编号为"01"但是没有学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的信息 -- 方法1 select Student. * from Student , SC where Student.S# = SC.S# and SC.C# = ' 01 ' and not exists ( Select 1 from SC SC_2 where SC_2.S# = SC.S# and SC_2.C# = ' 02 ' ) order by Student.S# -- 方法2 select Student. * from Student , SC where Student.S# = SC.S# and SC.C# = ' 01 ' and Student.S# not in ( Select SC_2.S# from SC SC_2 where SC_2.S# = SC.S# and SC_2.C# = ' 02 ' ) order by Student.S# -- 11、查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息 -- 11.1、 select Student. * from Student , SC where Student.S# = SC.S# group by Student.S# , Student.Sname , Student.Sage , Student.Ssex having count (C#) < ( select count (C#) from Course) -- 11.2 select Student. * from Student left join SC on Student.S# = SC.S# group by Student.S# , Student.Sname , Student.Sage , Student.Ssex having count (C#) < ( select count (C#) from Course) -- 12、查询至少有一门课与学号为"01"的同学所学相同的同学的信息 select distinct Student. * from Student , SC where Student.S# = SC.S# and SC.C# in ( select C# from SC where S# = ' 01 ' ) and Student.S# <> ' 01 ' -- 13、查询和"01"号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息 select Student. * from Student where S# in ( select distinct SC.S# from SC where S# <> ' 01 ' and SC.C# in ( select distinct C# from SC where S# = ' 01 ' ) group by SC.S# having count ( 1 ) = ( select count ( 1 ) from SC where S# = ' 01 ' )) -- 14、查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名 select student. * from student where student.S# not in ( select distinct sc.S# from sc , course , teacher where sc.C# = course.C# and course.T# = teacher.T# and teacher.tname = N ' 张三 ' ) order by student.S# -- 15、查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩 select student.S# , student.sname , cast ( avg (score) as decimal ( 18 , 2 )) avg_score from student , sc where student.S# = SC.S# and student.S# in ( select S# from SC where score < 60 group by S# having count ( 1 ) >= 2 ) group by student.S# , student.sname -- 16、检索"01"课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的学生信息 select student. * , sc.C# , sc.score from student , sc where student.S# = SC.S# and sc.score < 60 and sc.C# = ' 01 ' order by sc.score desc -- 17、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩 -- 17.1 SQL 2000 静态 select a.S# 学生编号 , a.Sname 学生姓名 , max ( case c.Cname when N ' 语文 ' then b.score else null end ) [ 语文 ] , max ( case c.Cname when N ' 数学 ' then b.score else null end ) [ 数学 ] , max ( case c.Cname when N ' 英语 ' then b.score else null end ) [ 英语 ] , cast ( avg (b.score) as decimal ( 18 , 2 )) 平均分 from Student a left join SC b on a.S# = b.S# left join Course c on b.C# = c.C# group by a.S# , a.Sname order by 平均分 desc -- 17.2 SQL 2000 动态 declare @sql nvarchar ( 4000 ) set @sql = ' select a.S# ' + N ' 学生编号 ' + ' , a.Sname ' + N ' 学生姓名 ' select @sql = @sql + ' ,max(case c.Cname when N ''' + Cname + ''' then b.score else null end) [ ' + Cname + ' ] ' from ( select distinct Cname from Course) as t set @sql = @sql + ' , cast(avg(b.score) as decimal(18,2)) ' + N ' 平均分 ' + ' from Student a left join SC b on a.S# = b.S# left join Course c on b.C# = c.C# group by a.S# , a.Sname order by ' + N ' 平均分 ' + ' desc ' exec ( @sql ) -- 17.3 有关sql 2005的动静态写法参见我的文章《普通行列转换(version 2.0)》或《普通行列转换(version 3.0)》。SQL code
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