读《研磨设计模式》-代码笔记-备忘录模式-Memento

[b]声明：
本文只为方便我个人查阅和理解，详细的分析以及源代码请移步 原作者的博客[url]http://chjavach.iteye.com/[/url][/b]

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;


/*
 * 备忘录模式的功能是，在不破坏封装性的前提下，捕获一个对象的内部状态，并在对象之外保存这个状态，为以后的状态恢复作“备忘”
 * 书上给了一个场景，仿真系统：
 * 这个系统有两步操作，第一步操作后，产生一个临时数据（中间数据）；
 * 接下来的第二步操作有两种方案，这两种方案都要基于第一步产生的数据作进一步处理
 * 不用备忘录模式的处理方法是：
 * “客户端”调用时，自行创建一个变量来存储该对象第一步操作产生的临时数据，
 * 在第二步操作进行之前，把临时数据再set回到该对象
 * 这就把实现细节暴露到“客户端”去了
 * 看书看到这里时，我想，既然是两步操作共存临时数据又不想暴露给外部，可以用内部类来保存这些数据。接着看下去，果然是这样
 * 另外，为达到“在对象之外保存这个状态”，书上的例子是把“备忘录”作为“备忘录管理者”的类成员来达到这个目的
 * 在“仿真系统”这个例子，似乎不需要“在对象之外保存这个状态”
 */

//不用模式的实现
class WorkflowA {

	private String workflowName;		//工作流名字
	private int tempResult;		//临时计算结果
	private String tempState;		//临时状态

	public WorkflowA(String workflowName) {
		this.workflowName = workflowName;
	}

	public void stepOne() {
		this.tempResult = 1;
		this.tempState = "State of stepOne.";
	}

	public void stepTwoSchema1() {
		this.tempResult += 21;
		this.tempState += "--> State of stepTwo by schema1.";
		System.out.println(this.workflowName + " Schema1. result = " + this.tempResult + " state = " + this.tempState);
	}

	public void stepTwoSchema2() {
		this.tempResult += 22;
		this.tempState += "--> State of stepTwo by schema2.";
		System.out.println(this.workflowName + " Schema2. result = " + this.tempResult + " state = " + this.tempState);
	}

	public int getTempResult() {
		return tempResult;
	}
	public void setTempResult(int tempResult) {
		this.tempResult = tempResult;
	}
	public String getTempState() {
		return tempState;
	}
	public void setTempState(String tempState) {
		this.tempState = tempState;
	}

	public String getWorkflowName() {
		return workflowName;
	}
}


//使用备忘录模式

//备忘录。是一个“窄接口”，空接口
interface IMemento {}

/*
 * WorkflowB在业务逻辑上是和WorkflowA一样的，但增加了备忘录
 * 这里为了偷懒，直接extends WorkflowA了，实际应用中不应该这样
 */
class WorkflowB extends WorkflowA implements Cloneable{

	public WorkflowB(String workflowName) {
		super(workflowName);
	}

	public IMemento createMemento() {
		return new MementoImpl(this.getTempResult(), this.getTempState());
	}

	//备忘录
	private static class MementoImpl implements IMemento {

		private int tempResult;
		private String tempState;

		MementoImpl(int tempResult, String tempState) {
			this.tempResult = tempResult;
			this.tempState = tempState;
		}

		//提供get方法就好了
		public int getTempResult() {
			return tempResult;
		}

		public String getTempState() {
			return tempState;
		}
	}

	//恢复数据到“临时状态”-执行了第一步操作之后
	public void setMemento(IMemento memento) {
		MementoImpl mementoo = (MementoImpl)memento;
		this.setTempResult(mementoo.getTempResult());
		this.setTempState(mementoo.getTempState());
	}
}


//结合原型模式（Prototype）
class WorkflowC extends WorkflowA implements Cloneable{

	public WorkflowC(String workflowName) {
		super(workflowName);
	}

	public IMemento createMemento() {
		try {
			return new MementoImpl((WorkflowC) this.clone());	//实际应用中要注意浅克隆的问题
		} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return null;
	}

	public void setMemento(IMemento memento) {
		MementoImpl mementoo = (MementoImpl)memento;
		this.setTempResult(mementoo.getWorkflow().getTempResult());
		this.setTempState(mementoo.getWorkflow().getTempState());
	}

	private static class MementoImpl implements IMemento {

		private WorkflowC workflow;

		public MementoImpl(WorkflowC workflow) {
			this.workflow = workflow;
		}

		public WorkflowC getWorkflow() {
			return workflow;
		}

	}

}
//备忘录管理者 持有了备忘录对象，可把备忘录对象保存到想保存的地方，例如后面提到的保存到xml文件中
class CareTaker {

	private IMemento memento;

	public void saveMemento(IMemento memento) {
		this.memento = memento;		//这里可以保存到其他地方去，例如写到文件中
	}

	public IMemento retriveMemento() {
		return this.memento;		//如果是保存到文件中了，这里就是读文件
	}
}


//扩展：使用备忘录模式来实现可撤销的操作。可与命令模式的实现作对比
interface ICommand {

	public void execute();

	public void undo(IMemento memento);

	public void redo(IMemento memento);

	public IMemento createMemento();

}


interface IOperation {

	public int getResult();

	public void add(int num);		//加上num

	public void substract(int num);		//减去num

	public IMemento createMemento();

	public void setMemento(IMemento memento);

}


//将Command的一些公共操作提取到抽象的父类中去
abstract class AbstractCommand implements ICommand {

	protected IOperation operation;

	public void setOperation(IOperation operation) {
		this.operation = operation;
	}

	public IMemento createMemento() {
		return this.operation.createMemento();
	}

	//不管是撤销操作还是恢复操作，实际都是从备忘录中恢复到指定的状态
	public void redo(IMemento memento) {
		this.operation.setMemento(memento);
	}

	public void undo(IMemento memento) {
		this.operation.setMemento(memento);
	}

	//具体是什么操作，交由子类来实现
	public abstract void execute();		
}


class AddCommand extends AbstractCommand {

	private int num;		//加数，增量

	public void execute() {
		this.operation.add(num);
	}

	public AddCommand(int num) {
		this.num = num;
	}
}


class SubstractCommand extends AbstractCommand {

	private int num;		//减数

	public void execute() {
		this.operation.substract(num);
	}

	public SubstractCommand(int num) {
		this.num = num;
	}
}


class Operation implements IOperation {

	private int result;		//被加数 or 被减数

	public void add(int num) {
		this.result += num;
	}

	public void substract(int num) {
		this.result -= num;
	}

	public IMemento createMemento() {
		return new Memento(this.result);
	}

	public int getResult() {
		return result;
	}

	public void setMemento(IMemento memento) {
		Memento mementoo = (Memento)memento;
		this.result = mementoo.getResult();
	}

	private static class Memento implements IMemento {

		public Memento(int result) {
			this.result = result;
		}

		private int result;

		public int getResult() {
			return result;
		}

		public void setResult(int result) {
			this.result = result;
		}

	}
}


class Caculator {

	private List<ICommand> undoCmds = new ArrayList<ICommand>();

	private List<ICommand> redoCmds = new ArrayList<ICommand>();

	//IMemento[2]：两个Memento，一个是操作前，一个是操作后	
	private List<IMemento[]> undoMementos = new ArrayList<IMemento[]>();

	private List<IMemento[]> redoMementos = new ArrayList<IMemento[]>();

	private ICommand addCommand;

	private ICommand substractCommand;

	public void addPressed() {
		IMemento mementoBefore = addCommand.createMemento();
		addCommand.execute();
		undoCmds.add(addCommand);
		IMemento mementoAfter = addCommand.createMemento();
		undoMementos.add(new IMemento[]{mementoBefore, mementoAfter});
	}

	public void substractPressed() {
		IMemento mementoBefore = addCommand.createMemento();
		substractCommand.execute();
		undoCmds.add(substractCommand);
		IMemento mementoAfter = substractCommand.createMemento();
		undoMementos.add(new IMemento[]{mementoBefore, mementoAfter});
	}

	public void undoPress() {
		if (undoCmds.size() > 0) {
			ICommand cmd = undoCmds.get(undoCmds.size() - 1);
			IMemento[] mementos = undoMementos.get(undoMementos.size() - 1);
			cmd.undo(mementos[0]);

			redoCmds.add(cmd);
			redoMementos.add(mementos);

			undoCmds.remove(cmd);
			undoMementos.remove(mementos);
		} else {
			System.out.println("没有可撤销的命令");
		}
	}

	public void redoPressed() {
		if (redoCmds.size() > 0) {
			ICommand cmd = redoCmds.get(redoCmds.size() - 1);
			IMemento[] mementos = redoMementos.get(redoMementos.size() - 1);
			cmd.redo(mementos[1]);

			undoCmds.add(cmd);
			undoMementos.add(mementos);

			redoCmds.remove(cmd);
			redoMementos.remove(mementos);
		} else {
			System.out.println("没有可恢复的命令");
		}
	}

	public void setAddCommand(ICommand addCommand) {
		this.addCommand = addCommand;
	}

	public void setSubstractCommand(ICommand substractCommand) {
		this.substractCommand = substractCommand;
	}


}


//这个类是用来测试的
public class MementoPattern {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//测试不使用模式
		WorkflowA flow = new WorkflowA("WorkflowA");
		flow.stepOne();
		//下面两句是客户端在调用时作备份，将WorkflowA的实现细节暴露给客户端了
		int tempResult = flow.getTempResult();
		String tempState = flow.getTempState();
		flow.stepTwoSchema1();
		flow.setTempResult(tempResult);
		flow.setTempState(tempState);
		flow.stepTwoSchema2();

		//测试使用备忘录模式
		WorkflowB flowB = new WorkflowB("WorkflowB");
		flowB.stepOne();
		//保存“临时状态”
		IMemento memento = flowB.createMemento();
		CareTaker taker = new CareTaker();
		taker.saveMemento(memento);
		flowB.stepTwoSchema1();
		//恢复到“临时状态”
		flowB.setMemento(taker.retriveMemento());
		flowB.stepTwoSchema2();

		//测试使用备忘录模式与原型模式结合
		WorkflowC flowC = new WorkflowC("WorkflowC");
		flowC.stepOne();
		//保存“临时状态”
		memento = flowC.createMemento();
		taker = new CareTaker();
		taker.saveMemento(memento);
		flowC.stepTwoSchema1();
		//恢复到“临时状态”
		flowC.setMemento(taker.retriveMemento());
		flowC.stepTwoSchema2();

		//测试备忘录模式结合命令模式实现可撤销的操作
		IOperation operation = new Operation();
		AddCommand addCommand = new AddCommand(5);
		SubstractCommand substractCommand = new SubstractCommand(3);
		addCommand.setOperation(operation);
		substractCommand.setOperation(operation);

		Caculator caculator = new Caculator();
		caculator.setAddCommand(addCommand);
		caculator.setSubstractCommand(substractCommand);

		caculator.addPressed();
		System.out.println("一次加法（加5）操作后的结果是：" + operation.getResult());

		caculator.substractPressed();
		System.out.println("一次减法（减3）操作后的结果是：" + operation.getResult());

		caculator.undoPress();
		System.out.println("撤销一次操作后的结果是：" + operation.getResult());

		caculator.undoPress();
		System.out.println("再撤销一次操作后的结果是：" + operation.getResult());

		caculator.redoPressed();
		System.out.println("恢复一次操作的结果是：" + operation.getResult());

		caculator.redoPressed();
		System.out.println("再恢复一次操作的结果是：" + operation.getResult());


	}

}