使用元类编写一个简单的ORM框架
# -*- coding : utf-8 -*-
class Field(object):
'''filed'''
def __init__(self, name, column_type):
self.name = name
self.column_type = column_type
def __str__(self):
return '<%s:%s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.name)
# ------------------
class StringField(Field):
'''String Field'''
def __init__(self, name):
super().__init__(name, 'varchar(100)')
# ------------------
class IntegerField(Field):
'''Integer Field'''
def __init__(self, name):
super().__init__(name, 'bigint')
# ------------------
class ModelMetaclass(type):
'''meta class'''
def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
if name == 'Model':
return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
print('Found Model: %s' % name)
mappings = dict()
for k, v in attrs.items():
if isinstance(v, Field):
print('Found mapping: %s ==> %s' % (k, v))
mappings[k] = v
for k in mappings.keys():
attrs.pop(k)
attrs['__mappings__'] = mappings
attrs['__table__'] = name
return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
# ------------------
class Model(dict, metaclass=ModelMetaclass):
'''model'''
def __init__(self, **kw):
super().__init__(**kw)
def __getattr__(self, key):
try:
return self[key]
except KeyError:
raise AttributeError(r"'Model' object has no attribute '%s'" % key)
def __setattr__(self, key, value):
self[key] = value
def save(self):
fields = []
params = []
args = []
for k, v in self.__mappings__.items():
fields.append(v.name)
params.append('?')
args.append(getattr(self, k, None))
sql = 'insert into %s (%s) values (%s)' % (
self.__table__, ', '.join(fields), ', '.join(params))
print('sql: %s' % sql)
print('args: %s' % str(args))
# ------------------
class User(Model):
'''user'''
id = IntegerField('id')
name = StringField('name')
email = StringField('email')
password = StringField('password')
# ------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
USER = User(id=123, name='Michael',
email='michael@gmail.com', password='my-pwd')
USER.save()
输出结果
[Running] python "d:\git\pythonStudy\hello_world.py"
Found Model: User
Found mapping: id ==> <IntegerField:id>
Found mapping: name ==> <StringField:name>
Found mapping: email ==> <StringField:email>
Found mapping: password ==> <StringField:password>
sql: insert into User (id, name, email, password) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
args: [123, 'Michael', 'michael@gmail.com', 'my-pwd']
[Done] exited with code=0 in 0.243 seconds
原文:廖雪峰的Python教程