hdfs shell操作大全

一、hadoop命令 
#键入hadoop回车，查看使用帮助:

Usage: hadoop [--config confdir] COMMAND
where COMMAND is one of:
  namenode -format     format the DFS filesystem
  secondarynamenode    run the DFS secondary namenode
  namenode             run the DFS namenode
  datanode             run a DFS datanode
  dfsadmin             run a DFS admin client
  mradmin              run a Map-Reduce admin client
  fsck                 run a DFS filesystem checking utility
  fs                   run a generic filesystem user client
  balancer             run a cluster balancing utility
  fetchdt              fetch a delegation token from the NameNode
  jobtracker           run the MapReduce job Tracker node
  pipes                run a Pipes job
  tasktracker          run a MapReduce task Tracker node
  historyserver        run job history servers as a standalone daemon
  job                  manipulate MapReduce jobs
  queue                get information regarding JobQueues
  version              print the version
  jar <jar>            run a jar file
  distcp <srcurl> <desturl> copy file or directories recursively
  archive -archiveName NAME -p <parent path> <src>* <dest> create a hadoop archive
  classpath            prints the class path needed to get the
                       Hadoop jar and the required libraries
  daemonlog            get/set the log level for each daemon
 or
  CLASSNAME            run the class named CLASSNAME

  
 二、hadoop fs命令
 #键入hadoop fs -help, 查看使用帮助：

 hadoop fs is the command to execute fs commands. The full syntax is: 


hadoop fs [-fs <local | file system URI>] [-conf <configuration file>]
[-D <property=value>] [-ls <path>] [-lsr <path>] [-du <path>]
[-dus <path>] [-mv <src> <dst>] [-cp <src> <dst>] [-rm [-skipTrash] <src>]
[-rmr [-skipTrash] <src>] [-put <localsrc> ... <dst>] [-copyFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>] [-get [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> <localdst>
[-getmerge <src> <localdst> [addnl]] [-cat <src>]
[-copyToLocal [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> <localdst>] [-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]
[-mkdir <path>] [-report] [-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path/file>]
[-touchz <path>] [-test -[ezd] <path>] [-stat [format] <path>]
[-tail [-f] <path>] [-text <path>]
[-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]
[-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
[-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
[-count[-q] <path>]
[-help [cmd]]


-fs [local | <file system URI>]: Specify the file system to use.
If not specified, the current configuration is used, 
taken from the following, in increasing precedence: 
core-default.xml inside the hadoop jar file 
core-site.xml in $HADOOP_CONF_DIR 
'local' means use the local file system as your DFS. 
<file system URI> specifies a particular file system to 
contact. This argument is optional but if used must appear
appear first on the command line.  Exactly one additional
argument must be specified. 


-ls <path>: List the contents that match the specified file pattern. If
path is not specified, the contents of /user/<currentUser>
will be listed. Directory entries are of the form 
dirName (full path) <dir> 
and file entries are of the form 
fileName(full path) <r n> size 
where n is the number of replicas specified for the file 
and size is the size of the file, in bytes.


-lsr <path>: Recursively list the contents that match the specified
file pattern.  Behaves very similarly to hadoop fs -ls,
except that the data is shown for all the entries in the
subtree.


-du <path>: Show the amount of space, in bytes, used by the files that 
match the specified file pattern.  Equivalent to the unix
command "du -sb <path>/*" in case of a directory, 
and to "du -b <path>" in case of a file.
The output is in the form 
name(full path) size (in bytes)


-dus <path>: Show the amount of space, in bytes, used by the files that 
match the specified file pattern.  Equivalent to the unix
command "du -sb"  The output is in the form 
name(full path) size (in bytes)


-mv <src> <dst>:   Move files that match the specified file pattern <src>
to a destination <dst>.  When moving multiple files, the 
destination must be a directory. 


-cp <src> <dst>:   Copy files that match the file pattern <src> to a 
destination.  When copying multiple files, the destination
must be a directory. 


-rm [-skipTrash] <src>: Delete all files that match the specified file pattern.
Equivalent to the Unix command "rm <src>"
-skipTrash option bypasses trash, if enabled, and immediately
deletes <src>
-rmr [-skipTrash] <src>: Remove all directories which match the specified file 
pattern. Equivalent to the Unix command "rm -rf <src>"
-skipTrash option bypasses trash, if enabled, and immediately
deletes <src>
-put <localsrc> ... <dst>: Copy files from the local file system 
into fs. 


-copyFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>: Identical to the -put command.


-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>: Same as -put, except that the source is
deleted after it's copied.


-get [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> <localdst>:  Copy files that match the file pattern <src> 
to the local name.  <src> is kept.  When copying mutiple, 
files, the destination must be a directory. 


-getmerge <src> <localdst>:  Get all the files in the directories that 
match the source file pattern and merge and sort them to only
one file on local fs. <src> is kept.


-cat <src>: Fetch all files that match the file pattern <src> 
and display their content on stdout.


-copyToLocal [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> <localdst>:  Identical to the -get command.


-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>:  Not implemented yet 


-mkdir <path>: Create a directory in specified location. 


-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path/file>:  Set the replication level of a file. 
The -R flag requests a recursive change of replication level 
for an entire tree.


-tail [-f] <file>:  Show the last 1KB of the file. 
The -f option shows apended data as the file grows. 


-touchz <path>: Write a timestamp in yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss format
in a file at <path>. An error is returned if the file exists with non-zero length


-test -[ezd] <path>: If file { exists, has zero length, is a directory
then return 0, else return 1.


-text <src>: Takes a source file and outputs the file in text format.
The allowed formats are zip and TextRecordInputStream.


-stat [format] <path>: Print statistics about the file/directory at <path>
in the specified format. Format accepts filesize in blocks (%b), filename (%n),
block size (%o), replication (%r), modification date (%y, %Y)


-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...
Changes permissions of a file.
This works similar to shell's chmod with a few exceptions.


-R modifies the files recursively. This is the only option
currently supported.


MODE Mode is same as mode used for chmod shell command.
Only letters recognized are 'rwxX'. E.g. a+r,g-w,+rwx,o=r


OCTALMODE Mode specifed in 3 digits. Unlike shell command,
this requires all three digits.
E.g. 754 is same as u=rwx,g=rx,o=r


If none of 'augo' is specified, 'a' is assumed and unlike
shell command, no umask is applied.


-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...
Changes owner and group of a file.
This is similar to shell's chown with a few exceptions.


-R modifies the files recursively. This is the only option
currently supported.


If only owner or group is specified then only owner or
group is modified.


The owner and group names may only cosists of digits, alphabet,
and any of '-_.@/' i.e. [-_.@/a-zA-Z0-9]. The names are case
sensitive.


WARNING: Avoid using '.' to separate user name and group though
Linux allows it. If user names have dots in them and you are
using local file system, you might see surprising results since
shell command 'chown' is used for local files.


-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...
This is equivalent to -chown ... :GROUP ...


-count[-q] <path>: Count the number of directories, files and bytes under the paths
that match the specified file pattern.  The output columns are:
DIR_COUNT FILE_COUNT CONTENT_SIZE FILE_NAME or
QUOTA REMAINING_QUATA SPACE_QUOTA REMAINING_SPACE_QUOTA 
     DIR_COUNT FILE_COUNT CONTENT_SIZE FILE_NAME
-help [cmd]: Displays help for given command or all commands if none
is specified.

三、其他
1. hdfs上root用户的home目录为/user/root， hdfs上的相对路径是针对用户home目录的

2. 命令hadoop fs -ls /, /是hdfs://your_hostname:9000/的简短写法