ObjectDataSource配合BLL,DAL连接database案例

按照常规,先准备一张表和一些存储过程,如下:

Table :MyUsers
UserID( int , primary key , identity ) -- 自动增加字段,用户ID标识列
UserName( nvarchar ( 50 ), not null ) -- 用户名
Description( nvarchar ( 50 ), not null ) -- 备注

Procedure :

CREATE PROCEDURE [ dbo ] . [ AddUser ] -- 增加一个用户
@UserName nvarchar ( 50 ),
@Description nvarchar ( 50 )
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON ;

begin transaction t

insert into MyUsers(UserName,Description)
values ( @UserName , @Description )

if @@error <> 0
begin
rollback transaction t
end
else
begin
commit transaction
end
END

CREATE PROCEDURE [ dbo ] . [ DeleteUserByUserID ] -- 删除一个用户
@UserID int
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON ;

Begin Transaction t

delete from MyUsers where UserID = @UserID

if @@error <> 0
begin
rollback transaction t
end
else
begin
commit transaction
end
END

CREATE PROCEDURE [ dbo ] . [ UpdateUser ] -- 修改用户姓名或备注
@UserID int ,
@UserName nvarchar ( 50 ),
@Description nvarchar ( 50 )
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON ;

begin transaction t

update MyUsers
set UserName = @UserName ,
Description = @Description
where UserID = @UserID

if @@error <> 0
begin
rollback transaction t
end
else
begin
commit transaction t
end
END

CREATE PROCEDURE [ dbo ] . [ GetUsers ] -- 得到用户列表,注意这里的参数
@RowIndex int ,
@RecordCount int
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON ;

With VUsers as (
select * ,row_number() over ( order by UserID desc ) as RowNum
from MyUsers
)

select * from VUsers
where RowNum > @RowIndex and RowNum <= ( @RowIndex + @RecordCount )
END

CREATE PROCEDURE [ dbo ] . [ GetUsersCount ]
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON ;
select count (UserID) from MyUsers
END

这 里详细说明一下倒数两个存储过程,GetUsers的参数RowIndex,不是页码(传说中的PageIndex),而是行索引,且从 0开始.这点特别要注意,因为要让ObjectDataSource自动取得当前需要的数据(界面级分页意味着当前需要显示多少数据只向数据库取多少,并 不会像其他数据源全总取出消耗性能.),依据也就是行索引和增量.GetUsersCount这个存储过程是为ObjectDataSource分页提供 总数的,它与分页的存储过程要保持一致.特别指的是有分页条件的情况,本人经常忘记(^_^||).否则GridView显示会不正常.

在WebSite新建一个DAL,假定类名为DataManager,给出代码片段如下:

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;

/**/ ///

///DataAccessLayer
///
public class DataManager
{
privateSqlConnectioncon=null;//连接对象
privateSqlCommandcmd=null;//command执行对象
privateSqlDataAdapterda=null;//适配器对象

/**////

///DAL对象构造
///
publicDataManager()
{
//
//TODO:Addconstructorlogichere
//
}

/**////

///打开数据库连接
///
privatevoidOpenConnection()
{
try
{
stringconString=ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["localDB"].ConnectionString;
con=newSqlConnection(conString);
if(ConnectionState.Closed==con.State)
{
con.Open();
}
}
catch(SqlExceptionex)
{
thrownewException("数据库无法访问",ex);
}
}

/**////

///关闭数据库连接
///
privatevoidCloseConnection()
{
if(ConnectionState.Open==con.State)
{
try
{
con.Close();
}
catch(SqlExceptionex)
{
thrownewException("数据库无法关闭",ex);
}
}
}

/**////

///取得用户列表
///
///行索引
///页显示量(增量)
/// 用户列表数据集
publicDataSetGetUsers(introwIndex,intrecordCount)
{
OpenConnection();
try
{
cmd=newSqlCommand();
cmd.Connection=con;
cmd.CommandType=CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.CommandText="GetUsers";

SqlParameterspRowIndex=newSqlParameter("@RowIndex",SqlDbType.Int,4);
spRowIndex.Direction=ParameterDirection.Input;
SqlParameterspRecordCount=newSqlParameter("@RecordCount",SqlDbType.Int,4);
spRecordCount.Direction=ParameterDirection.Input;

cmd.Parameters.Add(spRowIndex);
cmd.Parameters.Add(spRecordCount);

spRowIndex.Value=rowIndex;
spRecordCount.Value=recordCount;

da=newSqlDataAdapter(cmd);
DataSetds=newDataSet();

da.Fill(ds,"MyUsers");

returnds;
}
catch(SqlExceptionex)
{
thrownewException("无法取得有效数据",ex);
}
finally
{
CloseConnection();
}
}

/**////

///取得用户总数
///
/// 用户总数
publicintGetUsersCount()
{
OpenConnection();
try
{
cmd=newSqlCommand();
cmd.Connection=con;
cmd.CommandType=CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.CommandText="GetUsersCount";
intcount=Convert.ToInt32(cmd.ExecuteScalar().ToString());
returncount;
}
catch(SqlExceptionex)
{
thrownewException("无法取得有效数据",ex);
}
finally
{
CloseConnection();
}
}

对DAL也有几项说明,DataManager.GetUsers(int rowIndex, int recordCount)方法的参数只能有两个,
参数名可以随意,但意义却要与调用的存储过程GetUsers要一致,rowIndex必须是行索引,recordCount必须是页显示量.
OK！接下来在页面上放上一个GridView和一个ObjectDataSource,设置代码片段如下:

< asp:GridView ID ="gvMyUsers" runat ="server" AllowPaging ="True" CellPadding ="4" DataSourceID ="objMyUsers" ForeColor ="#333333" GridLines ="None" AutoGenerateDeleteButton ="True" AutoGenerateEditButton ="True" AutoGenerateColumns ="False" DataKeyNames ="UserID" PageSize ="10" >
< FooterStyle BackColor ="#507CD1" Font-Bold ="True" ForeColor ="White" />
< RowStyle BackColor ="#EFF3FB" />
< EditRowStyle BackColor ="#2461BF" />
< SelectedRowStyle BackColor ="#D1DDF1" Font-Bold ="True" ForeColor ="#333333" />
< PagerStyle BackColor ="#2461BF" ForeColor ="White" HorizontalAlign ="Center" />
< HeaderStyle BackColor ="#507CD1" Font-Bold ="True" ForeColor ="White" />
< AlternatingRowStyle BackColor ="White" />
asp:GridView>
<asp:ObjectDataSourceID="objMyUsers"runat="server"EnablePaging="True"MaximumRowsParameterName="recordCount"
SelectCountMethod="GetUsersCount"SelectMethod="GetUsers"StartRowIndexParameterName="rowIndex"TypeName="DataManager">
asp:ObjectDataSource>

指定每页显示最大数据量(页显示量)的参数:
MaximumRowsParameterName="recordCount"
指定取得数据总数方法:
SelectCountMethod="GetUsersCount"
指定分页方法:
SelectMethod="GetUsers"
指定起始行参数:
StartRowIndexParameterName="rowIndex"
指定前面方法所属类名(全限定名):
TypeName="DataManager
这几个设置是必须的,一定要对应.

现在轻轻的点击一下运行吧(什么什么?还没写事件?...我说老铁,都啥年月了,懒人还有用那玩儿吗?).到这里,一个最快速的分页其实已经做完了.

前面的步骤都是必须的,但仍然可以有一些变化.比如,若你已经按以往的办法写好了一个类似于

Create Procedure GetUsers
@PageIndex int ,
@PageSize int
as
begin

end

这样的存储过程了,没关系,你在DAL的DataManager.GetUsers(int rowIndex, int recordCount)这里,
把rowIndex,recordCount在调用存储过程前转换成PageIndex,PageSize就好了,也不过是
PageIndex = rowIndex/recordCount +1; PageSize =recordCount;这样的语句就能搞定啦.再或者改存储过程里面也行(虽然有点不值得),不多说了.自己耍一把就知道了.
你一定心里还有疑问,没错,DataManager.GetUsers(int rowIndex, int recordCount)这个方法,更多时候需要多一些参数,也就是说,我们分页取数据的过程,还需要一些筛选条件,但这个方法是要给 ObjectDataSource的selectMethod方法,不能增加别的参数,形成矛盾怎么办??欲知解决之道,且等下回分解.....(快跑 啊.....鸡蛋来啦!!)

GridView&ObjectDataSource 新特性小记 懒人篇(二) 分页加速

Posted on 2006-04-17 18:43 笑看千秋_R

书接上回,我们提到,如果我们分页的数据,在查询的存储过程中需要更多参数,在使用ObjectDataSource作为数据源完成界面级分页,我们必须 做一些其他的事情.为了让示例更为易懂,我们将上一次的MyUsers表变化一下,增加一个用户状态列.并增加两个存储过程.

Table :MyUsers
@UserID ( int , primary key , identity ),
@UserName ( nvarchar ( 50 ), not null ),
@Description ( nvarchar ( 50 ), not null ),
@Status ( bit , not null )

Procedure :
create procedure [ dbo ] . [ GetUsersByStatus ] -- 通过状态得到用户列表
@RowIndex int ,
@RecordCount int ,
@Status bit
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON ;

With VUsers as (
select * ,row_number() over ( order by UserID desc ) as RowNum
from MyUsers where Status = @Status
)

select * from VUsers
where RowNum > @RowIndex and RowNum <= ( @RowIndex + @RecordCount )
END

CREATE PROCEDURE [ dbo ] . [ GetUsersCountByStatus ] -- 取得通过状态得到用户列表的总数
@Status bit
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON ;
select count (UserID) from MyUsers where Status = @Status
END

在WebSite的DataManager中,再增加两个带参数的分页查询的方法.下面介绍两种带参的分页查询方法的写法(原因是和ObjectDataSource的运行机制有关):
(1)
MSDN中提到,ObjectDataSource有这样一个事件:ObjectDataSources_Created,它将在每次ObjectDataSource
初始化TypeName指定的类时触发.也就是说,如果分页的方法需要除RowIndex,RecordCount外的其他参数的话可以
借助此事件来增加参数.由此,可以按下面方式增加分页方法:

1 .在DataManager类中,增加一个属性
private bool _Status;
public bool Status
{
get{return_Status;}
set{_Status=values;}
}

2 .增加一个方法

public DataSetGetUsers( int rowIndex, int recordCount)
{
/**////

///取得用户列表
///
///行索引
///页显示量(增量)
/// 用户列表数据集
publicDataSetGetUsers(introwIndex,intrecordCount)
{
OpenConnection();
try
{
cmd=newSqlCommand();
cmd.Connection=con;
cmd.CommandType=CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.CommandText="GetUsersByStatus";

SqlParameterspRowIndex=newSqlParameter("@RowIndex",SqlDbType.Int,4);
spRowIndex.Direction=ParameterDirection.Input;
SqlParameterspRecordCount=newSqlParameter("@RecordCount",SqlDbType.Int,4);
spRecordCount.Direction=ParameterDirection.Input;
SqlParameterspStatus=newSqlParameter("@Status",SqlDbType.Bit,1);
spStatus.Direction=ParameterDirection.Input;

cmd.Parameters.Add(spRowIndex);
cmd.Parameters.Add(spRecordCount);
cmd.Parameters.Add(spStatus);//在这里将增加的参数值隐式加入到查询

spRowIndex.Value=rowIndex;
spRecordCount.Value=recordCount;
spStatus.Value=_Status;

da=newSqlDataAdapter(cmd);
DataSetds=newDataSet();

da.Fill(ds,"MyUsers");

returnds;
}
catch(SqlExceptionex)
{
thrownewException("无法取得有效数据",ex);
}
finally
{
CloseConnection();
}
}

/**////

///根据用户状态取得用户总数
///
/// 用户总数
publicintGetUsersCount()
{
OpenConnection();
try
{
cmd=newSqlCommand();
cmd.Connection=con;
cmd.CommandType=CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.CommandText="GetUsersCountByStatus";

SqlParameterspStatus=newSqlParameter("@Status",SqlDbType.Bit,1);
spStatus.Direction=ParameterDirection.Input;

cmd.Parameters.Add(spStatus);

spStatus.Value=_Status;

intcount=Convert.ToInt32(cmd.ExecuteScalar().ToString());
returncount;
}
catch(SqlExceptionex)
{
thrownewException("无法取得有效数据",ex);
}
finally
{
CloseConnection();
}
}
}

3 .在页面增加一个DropDownList,设置如下
< asp:DropDownListID = " ddShowUsersByStaus " runat = " server " AutoPostBack = " True " >
< asp:ListItemSelected = " True " Value = " all " > 全部 asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItemValue="false">禁用 asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItemValue="true">激活 asp:ListItem>
asp:DropDownList> div>

4.在WebSite增加一个事件
protectedObjectDataSource_Created(objectsender,ObjectDataSourceEventArgse)
{
if(!ddShowUsersByStaus.SelectedValue.Equals("all"))
{
DataManagerdm=(DataManager)e.GetInstance();
dm.Status=ddShowUsersByStaus.SelectedValue;
}
}

这样,在选择了用户状态之后,ObjectDataSource会首先将选择的值赋给Status属性,然后才会去调用GetUsers()方法取得用户列表至此,我们可以在不必改变原有方法接口的前提下,解决增加了参数的问题.
然而,这样似乎还是很麻烦,无谓在DataManager类中增加属性,使得Web和DataManager成为紧耦合应用,同时也非"懒人"所为.再介绍一种更为灵活的方式供大家参考

(2)
ObjectDataSource类的SelectParameters是可以动态改变的,据此,我们按下面的顺序来更改应用.

1 .Datamanager中重载GetUsers()和GetUsersCount()两个方法.代码如下

public DataSetGetUsers( int rowIndex, int recordCount, bool status)
{
OpenConnection();
try
{
cmd=newSqlCommand();
cmd.Connection=con;
cmd.CommandType=CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.CommandText="GetUsersByStatus";

SqlParameterspRowIndex=newSqlParameter("@RowIndex",SqlDbType.Int,4);
spRowIndex.Direction=ParameterDirection.Input;
SqlParameterspRecordCount=newSqlParameter("@RecordCount",SqlDbType.Int,4);
spRecordCount.Direction=ParameterDirection.Input;
SqlParameterspStatus=newSqlParameter("@Status",SqlDbType.Bit,1);
spStatus.Direction=ParameterDirection.Input;

cmd.Parameters.Add(spRowIndex);
cmd.Parameters.Add(spRecordCount);
cmd.Parameters.Add(spStatus);

spRowIndex.Value=rowIndex;
spRecordCount.Value=recordCount;
spStatus.Value=status;

da=newSqlDataAdapter(cmd);
DataSetds=newDataSet();

da.Fill(ds,"MyUsers");

returnds;
}
catch(SqlExceptionex)
{
thrownewException("无法取得有效数据",ex);
}
finally
{
CloseConnection();
}
}

public int GetUsersCount( bool status)
{
OpenConnection();
try
{
cmd=newSqlCommand();
cmd.Connection=con;
cmd.CommandType=CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.CommandText="GetUsersCountByStatus";

SqlParameterspStatus=newSqlParameter("@Status",SqlDbType.Bit,1);
spStatus.Direction=ParameterDirection.Input;

cmd.Parameters.Add(spStatus);

spStatus.Value=status;

intcount=Convert.ToInt32(cmd.ExecuteScalar().ToString());
returncount;
}
catch(SqlExceptionex)
{
thrownewException("无法取得有效数据",ex);
}
finally
{
CloseConnection();
}
}

2 .在页面增加DropDownList设置如下:
< asp:DropDownListID = " ddShowUsersByStaus " runat = " server " AutoPostBack = " True "
OnSelectedIndexChanged = " ddShowUsersByStaus_SelectedIndexChanged " >
< asp:ListItemSelected = " True " Value = " all " > 全部 asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItemValue="false">禁用 asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItemValue="true">激活 asp:ListItem>
asp:DropDownList>

3.在DropDownList的SelectedIndexChanged事件增加代码:

protectedvoidddShowUsersByStaus_SelectedIndexChanged(objectsender,EventArgse)
{
objMyUsers.SelectParameters.Clear();
gvMyUsers.PageIndex=0;
if("all".Equals(ddShowUsersByStaus.SelectedValue))
{

}

else
{
ParameterpStatus=newParameter("status",TypeCode.Boolean);

objMyUsers.SelectParameters.Add(pStatus);
pStatus.DefaultValue=ddShowUsersByStaus.SelectedValue;
}
}

如何?这样看上去只是给ObjectDataSource的参数集合动态增加了一个参数,它自己就会去调用重载后的分页方法,省得我们在专门指定 SelectMethod.编码简洁多了,维护起来也更容易,增加分页的条件无非是增加重载的方法和变更动态增加参数的代码,无意间发现这就是"开-闭" 原则的小应用.(估计没人在乎这个吧...)

采用GridView作为数据绑定控件,好处在于ObjectDataSource会根据GridView的变化自动向数据库取出当前需要的数据,而不用 我们为它担忧一丝一毫.至少不用为取得空数据和页码不正确睡不着觉了.数据操作应该是完整的增删查改.我们把查询做得很彻底了,后面将介绍增加,删除,修 改记录的操作,我想,GridView&ObjectDataSource
不会让大家失望的.未完待续.......(To Be Continue!!)