观察者模式

首先有一个更新天气布告板的系统。

public class ConditionsPanel{
	public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure){
		Debug.Log ("ConditionsPanel");
		Debug.Log ("temp: " + temp);
		Debug.Log ("humidity: " + temp);
		Debug.Log ("pressure: " + temp);
	}
}

public class StatisticsPanel{
	public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure){
		Debug.Log ("StatisticsPanel");
		Debug.Log ("temp: " + temp);
		Debug.Log ("humidity: " + temp);
		Debug.Log ("pressure: " + temp);
	}
}

public class ForecastPanel{
	public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure){
		Debug.Log ("ForecastPanel");
		Debug.Log ("temp: " + temp);
		Debug.Log ("humidity: " + temp);
		Debug.Log ("pressure: " + temp);
	}
}

public class WeatherData{
	public ConditionsPanel conditionsDisplay = new ConditionsPanel();
	public StatisticsPanel statisticsDisplay = new StatisticsPanel();
	public ForecastPanel forecastPanel = new ForecastPanel();

	public float getTemperature(){
		return 1.0f;
	}

	public float getHumidity(){
		return 2.0f;
	}

	public float getPressure(){
		return 3.0f;
	}

	public void mentsChanged(){
		float temp = getTemperature ();
		float humidity = getHumidity ();
		float pressure = getPressure ();

		conditionsDisplay.update (temp, humidity, pressure);
		statisticsDisplay.update (temp, humidity, pressure);
		forecastPanel.update (temp, humidity, pressure);
	}
}

注意到气象站提供getter方法供各种布告板使用，这里有3个布告板。

也就是一对多的关系。

更新布告板时，是针对具体实现编程，这将导致以后增加或者删除布告板时，需要修改或者代码。

当我们需要增加公告板时，除了要添加新的公告板类外，还需要修改WeatherDate的mentsChanged方法，公告板越来越多时，这段代码也会越来越冗长，稍有变动便要修改或删除。（两者耦合过紧，一方改动牵动着另一方）

公告板接收的参数是一样的，可以考虑整合。

//主题
public interface Subject{
	void registerObserver(Observer o);
	void removeObserver(Observer o);
	void notifyObserver();
}

//气象站
public class WeatherData : Subject{
	private ArrayList observers;
	private float temperature;
	private float humidity;
	private float pressure;

	public WeatherData(){
		observers = new ArrayList ();
	}
	//注册
	public void registerObserver(Observer o){
		observers.Add (o);
	}
	//移除
	public void removeObserver(Observer o){
		int i = observers.IndexOf (o);
		if (i > 0) {
			observers.Remove(i);
		}
	}
	//通知
	public void notifyObserver(){
		foreach (Observer o in observers) {
			o.update(temperature, humidity, pressure);
		}
	}

	public void measurementsChanged(){
		notifyObserver ();
	}
}

//观察者
public interface Observer{
	void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure);
}

//布告板
public class ConditionsPanel : Observer{
	private float temperature;
	private Subject weatherData;

	//构造函数保存subject，并且注册自己
	public ConditionsPanel(Subject weatherData){
		this.weatherData = weatherData;
		weatherData.registerObserver (this);
	}

	//观察者接口规定每个布告板都必须实现的统一接口
	public void update(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure){
		this.temperature = temperature;
	}
}

设计原则：

1.低耦合

为了交互对象之间的松耦合设计而努力。 针对接口编程让对象之间的依赖降低，达到松耦合的目的。

2.封装变化

3.针对接口编程，不针对实现编程

4.多用组合，少用继承