ASP.NET:创建Linked ValidationSummary, 深入理解ASP.NET的Validation
一 、实现的效果
我想对于ASP.NET的Validator控件已经熟悉的不能再熟悉了。我们 已经习惯了用Validator控件来验证我们在表单的输入,并通过ValidationSummary来输出我们为Validator控件设置的Error message。不知道大家有没想过进一步改进一下我们的Validation来改善我们的User Experience。比如,在ValidationSummary输出一个Link连接到对应的控件,而不是显示单纯的Error message。
比如在上图中,是一个典型的Login的Page。我们有两个必填的字段:User name和Password。为此我定义两个RequiredFieldValidator。他们的Error message分别为:”User name is mandatory!”和”Password is mandatory!”。在未输入任何值得前提下Click “Sign in”按钮,Error Message被显示在ValidationSummary上面。不过和传统的Error message不同,显示在ValidationSummary上的实际上是两个链接,Click对应的Error message,光标会设置到对应的Textbox上。比如上图所示:Click ”User name is mandatory!”,光标回到User name对应的Texbox。
二、具体实现
现在我们来简单叙述上面的效果是如果实现的,在开始之前我想说的是,方法非常简单—或许你已经猜到了:)
1.首先来看看aspx。
<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >
< html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
< head id ="Head1" runat ="server" >
< title > Login </ title >
< style type ="text/css" >
body{}{font-family:Verdana; font-size:10px}
table{}{width:300px}
table tr{}{height:30px}
table td.firstColumn{}{width:100px; text-align:right}
table td.secondColumn{}{ text-align:left}
table span.asterisk{}{color:red}
table .textbox{}{width:150px; border:solid 1px #999999}
table .button{}{background-color: #00cc66;border:solid 1px #999999}
ul li{}{margin-bottom:5px}
ul li a{}{color:red; text-decoration:none}
ul li a:hover{}{text-decoration:underline}
</ style >
< script type ="text/javascript" >
function setFocus(control)
{
var controlToValidate = document.getElementById(control);
controlToValidate.focus();
}
</ script >
</ head >
< body style ="font-family: Verdana" >
< form id ="form1" runat ="server" >
< div >
< table cellpadding ="0" cellspacing ="5px" >
< tr >
< td colspan ="2" >
< asp:ValidationSummary runat ="server" ID ="vldLogin" />
</ td >
</ tr >
< tr >
< td class ="firstColumn" >
User Name: < span class ="asterisk" > * </ span ></ td >
< td class ="secondColumn" >
< asp:TextBox runat ="server" ID ="txtUserName" CssClass ="textbox" ></ asp:TextBox >
< asp:RequiredFieldValidator runat ="server" ID ="rqfUserName" ControlToValidate ="txtUserName" Display ="None" ></ asp:RequiredFieldValidator >
< asp:CustomValidator runat ="server" ID ="ctmUserName" Display ="None" OnServerValidate ="ctmUserName_ServerValidate" ControlToValidate ="txtUserName" ></ asp:CustomValidator >
</ td >
</ tr >
< tr >
< td class ="firstColumn" >
Password: < span class ="asterisk" > * </ span ></ td >
< td class ="secondColumn" >
< asp:TextBox runat ="server" ID ="txtPassword" TextMode ="Password" CssClass ="textbox" ></ asp:TextBox >
< asp:RequiredFieldValidator runat ="server" ID ="rqfPassword" ControlToValidate ="txtPassword" Display ="None" ></ asp:RequiredFieldValidator >
</ td >
</ tr >
< tr >
< td colspan ="2" align ="center" >
< asp:Button runat ="server" ID ="btnSignIn" Text ="Sign in" CssClass ="button" />
< asp:Button runat ="server" ID ="ButtonCancel" Text ="Cancel" CausesValidation ="false"
CssClass ="button" />
</ td >
</ tr >
</ table >
</ div >
</ form >
</ body >
</ html >
在看到了上面的Screen shot之后再看看上面的Html,结构清晰得一目了然。所以我就不再进一步解释了。在这里我只需要提提定义在aspx的一段javascript function:setFocus。通过它把focus设置到指定的控件。
function setFocus(control)
{
var controlToValidate = document.getElementById(control);
controlToValidate.focus();
}
</ script >
2.接着我们来看看code behind。
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
public partial class Login : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (this.IsPostBack)
{
return;
}
this.rqfUserName.ErrorMessage = string.Format("{0} is mandatory!", "User name");
this.rqfPassword.ErrorMessage = string.Format("{0} is mandatory!", "Password");
this.ctmUserName.ErrorMessage = "Such a user has not registered!";
this.MakeClickableErrorMessage();
}
private void MakeClickableErrorMessage()
{
foreach (BaseValidator validator in this.Validators)
{
if (validator.ControlToValidate == string.Empty)
{
continue;
}
string clientID = this.FindControl(validator.ControlToValidate).ClientID;
string script = string.Format("<a href= /"javascript:setFocus('{0}');/">{1}</a>", clientID, validator.ErrorMessage);
validator.ErrorMessage = script;
}
}
protected void ctmUserName_ServerValidate(object source, ServerValidateEventArgs args)
{
if (this.txtUserName.Text.Trim() != "adm")
{
args.IsValid = false;
return;
}
args.IsValid = true;
}
}
Code也简单得一塌糊涂,除了MakeClickableErrorMessage这个Method,其他的都不值一提。
{
foreach (BaseValidator validator in this.Validators)
{
if (validator.ControlToValidate == string.Empty)
{
continue;
}
string clientID = this.FindControl(validator.ControlToValidate).ClientID;
string script = string.Format("<a href= /"javascript:setFocus('{0}');/">{1}</a>", clientID, validator.ErrorMessage);
validator.ErrorMessage = script;
}
}
显示在ValidationSummary中原本简单的literal error message就是通过上面的这个MakeClickableErrorMessage转变成hyperlink的。在上面的code中,我遍历page中的每个Validator control。如果该Validator control有对应ControlToValidate(对于一个Validator control来说,ControlToValidate并非一个必需的property,如果没有指定该property,其值为空字符串),直接进入下一个循环。然后我把原来只是弹出的文本转变成一个<a></a>,然后再将其重新赋值给对应的Validator contorl的ErrorMessage property。