你有没有思考过,Go 语言是如何实现高性能网络 I/O 的呢?有没有使用传说中的 I/O 多路复用呢? Go 程序在读写套接字的时候,会阻塞当前协程吗?Go 语言采用阻塞方式或者非阻塞方式调用的套接字相关系统调用呢?网络 I/O 与调度器之间又有什么样的联系呢?下面将为大家详细介绍 Go 语言网络 I/O 的实现原理。
1. 探索 Go 语言网络 I/O
相信大家对 Linux 网络编程都有一定了解,如何基于网络编程实现一个 HTTP 服务呢?HTTP 服务是一种典型的 C/S (Client-Server,客户端-服务端)架构,由客户端主动发起请求,服务端处理之后,再返回结果给客户端,整体流程如下图所示:
HTTP 服务端流程如下:
1)socket():创建套接字。
2)bind():绑定指定端口,通常 HTTP 请求默认处理端口为 80, HTTPS 请求默认处理端口为 443。
3)listen():监听第一步创建的套接字。
2. Go语言网络 I/O 与调度器
0 0x00000000010304ea in runtime.netpollopen
at /Users/xxx/Documents/go1.18/src/runtime/netpoll_epoll.go:64
1 0x000000000105cdf4 in internal/poll.runtime_pollOpen
at /Users/xxx/Documents/go1.18/src/runtime/netpoll.go:239
2 0x000000000109e32d in internal/poll.(*pollDesc).init
at /Users/xxx/Documents/go1.18/src/internal/poll/fd_poll_runtime.go:39
3 0x000000000109eca6 in internal/poll.(*FD).Init
at /Users/xxx/Documents/go1.18/src/internal/poll/fd_unix.go:63
4 0x0000000001150078 in net.(*netFD).init
at /Users/xxx/Documents/go1.18/src/net/fd_unix.go:41
5 0x0000000001150078 in net.(*netFD).accept
at /Users/xxx/Documents/go1.18/src/net/fd_unix.go:184
6 0x000000000115f5a8 in net.(*TCPListener).accept
at /Users/xxx/Documents/go1.18/src/net/tcpsock_posix.go:139
7 0x000000000115e91d in net.(*TCPListener).Accept
at /Users/xxx/Documents/go1.18/src/net/tcpsock.go:288
8 0x00000000011ff56a in net/http.(*onceCloseListener).Accept
at <autogenerated>:1
9 0x00000000011f3145 in net/http.(*Server).Serve
at /Users/xxx/Documents/go1.18/src/net/http/server.go:3039
10 0x00000000011f2d7d in net/http.(*Server).ListenAndServe
at /Users/xxx/Documents/go1.18/src/net/http/server.go:2968
3. 如何实现网络读写超时
0 0x000000000105d0ef in internal/poll.runtime_pollSetDeadline
at /Users/xxx/Documents/go1.18/src/runtime/netpoll.go:323
1 0x000000000109e95e in internal/poll.setDeadlineImpl
at /Users/xxx/Documents/go1.18/src/internal/poll/fd_poll_runtime.go:160
2 0x000000000115a0c8 in internal/poll.(*FD).SetReadDeadline
at /Users/xxx/Documents/go1.18/src/internal/poll/fd_poll_runtime.go:137
3 0x000000000115a0c8 in net.(*netFD).SetReadDeadline
at /Users/xxx/Documents/go1.18/src/net/fd_posix.go:142
4 0x000000000115a0c8 in net.(*conn).SetReadDeadline
at /Users/xxx/Documents/go1.18/src/net/net.go:250
5 0x00000000011ea591 in net/http.(*conn).readRequest
at /Users/xxx/Documents/go1.18/src/net/http/server.go:975
6 0x00000000011ee9ab in net/http.(*conn).serve
at /Users/xxx/Documents/go1.18/src/net/http/server.go:1891
7 0x00000000011f352e in net/http.(*Server).Serve.func3
at /Users/xxx/Documents/go1.18/src/net/http/server.go:3071