springcloud之网关(zuul)

最新推荐文章于 2022-07-18 09:48:30 发布

carson0408

最新推荐文章于 2022-07-18 09:48:30 发布

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分类专栏： SpringCloud 文章标签： springcloud zuul

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/carson0408/article/details/101628811

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微服务架构下，会存在多个服务交叉，那么对于外界用户来说如果需要访问，如果只能访问各个服务的url的话，那么会十分不友好，同时对于服务本身来说，安全性不高。因此，springcloud引入了网关的概念，统一了服务对外的地址，简化了服务与用户之间的互动。本文将沿用之前的学生与老师两个微服务，来讲解网关zuul组件给微服务架构带来的好处。

如果在没有使用网关的时候，用户访问老师这个微服务时，只能http://老师微服务ip:port/xxxx，这样的话将老师微服务所在的ip以及端口全部暴露了，这是存在安全隐患的。接下来介绍引入网关的示例，来比较两者的差异。

1.示例架构图

具体架构图如下图所示，点击原图可以查看，（1）用户通过域名请求，（2）zuul网关根据域名以及从eurake服务器中获取的服务列表，根据负载均衡机制，分配给其中的一个老师实例。(3)老师实例根据负载均衡机制(ribbon)访问相应的学生实例，(4)学生实例则访问数据库获取数据，(5)然后反向将结果返回给用户，整个流程中所涉及的服务包括网关都会在eurake注册中心注册服务。以上是以下架构图完整的请求到响应的过程。

2.示例讲解

2.1microservice-eurake工程

1.pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.carson</groupId>
    <artifactId>microservice-eureka</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>microservice-eureka</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

2.application.yml

server:
  port: 8761

eureka:
  client:
    registerWithEureka: false  #表示是否注册到Eureka Server
    fetchRegistry: false #是否从Eureka Server获取注册信息，集群的时候选择true，单点选择false
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

3.启动类

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class MicroserviceEurekaApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceEurekaApplication.class, args);
    }

}

@EnableEurekaServer表示开启注册中心服务。

2.2microservice-student工程

服务提供者与服务消费者一文中的microservice-student工程，其中application.yml文件修改为如下:

server:
  port: 8086

spring:
  application:
    name: microservice-student
  jpa:
    generate-ddl: false
    show-sql: true
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: none
    datasource:
      platform: h2
      schema: classpath:schema.sql
      data: classpath:data.sql

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ #Eureka Server
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true #将自己的ip注册到Eureka Server上
logging:
  level:
    root: INFO
    org.hibernate: INFO
    org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder: TRACE
    org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor: TRACE

2.3microservice-teacher工程

1.pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.carson</groupId>
    <artifactId>microservice-teacher</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>microservice-teacher</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

2.application.yml

server:
  port: 8083

spring:
  application:
    name: microservice-teacher
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ #Eureka Server
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true #将自己的ip注册到Eureka Server上

microservice-student:
  ribbon:
    NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RoundRobinRule

3.pojo类

public class Student {

    private Long studentid;
    private String studentname;
    private String grade;
    private Integer age;
    private String sex;
    public Long getStudentid() {
        return studentid;
    }

    public void setStudentid(Long studentid) {
        this.studentid = studentid;
    }

    public String getStudentname() {
        return studentname;
    }

    public void setStudentname(String studentname) {
        this.studentname = studentname;
    }

    public String getGrade() {
        return grade;
    }

    public void setGrade(String grade) {
        this.grade = grade;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
}

4.controller类

@RestController
public class TeacherController {
    private static final Logger logger = (Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(TeacherController.class);

    @LoadBalanced
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;


    @Autowired
    private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/student/{studentid}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public Student findStudentInfo(@PathVariable Long studentid){
        logUserInstance();
        return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://microservice-student/"+studentid,Student.class);
    }


    @RequestMapping(value = "/log-student-instance",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public void logUserInstance(){

        ServiceInstance serviceInstance = this.loadBalancerClient.choose("microservice-student");
        System.out.println("serviceId:"+serviceInstance.getServiceId()+"  host:"+serviceInstance.getHost()+"  port:"+serviceInstance.getPort());

        TeacherController.logger.info("{}:{}:{}",serviceInstance.getServiceId(),serviceInstance.getHost(),serviceInstance.getPort());
    }

}

5.启动类

@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceTeacherApplication {

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceTeacherApplication.class, args);
    }

}

2.4microservice-zuul-server工程

1.pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.carson</groupId>
    <artifactId>microservice-zuul-server</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>microservice-zuul-server</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

2.application.yml

server:
  port: 8040

spring:
  application:
    name: microservice-zuul-server

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

zuul:
  host:
    connect-timeout-millis: 60000  
    socket-timeout-millis: 60000
ribbon:
  ReadTimeout: 60000  #全局请求的超时时间
  ConnectTimeout: 60000 #全局请求连接的超时时间
  MaxAutoRetries: 1  #当前实例的重试次数
  OkToRetryOnAllOperations: false #对所有请求都进行重试
hystrix:
  command:
    default:
      execution:
        isolation:
          thread:
            timeoutInMilliseconds: 600000  #全局请求连接超时时间

其中，zuul配置可以配置具体路径，默认路径：http://zuul_host:zuul_port/微服务在Eureka上的serviceId/xx会被转发到serviceId对应的微服务。

3.启动类

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
public class MicroserviceZuulServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceZuulServerApplication.class, args);
    }

}

其中zuul的注解是@EnableZuulProxy表示开启了Zuul代理，该代理包含了负载均衡机制，该代理还整合了hystrix，实现容错机制。

2.5启动各工程

首先启动microservice-eurake工程，其次启动microservice-student两个实例，再启动microservice-teacher两个实例，最后启动microservice-zuul-server工程，然后再网址中输入:http://localhost:8040/microservice-teacher/student/10001

得到如下响应,可以看出外界请求并没有暴露老师服务的ip以及端口，而是通过网关统一管理，这样的话在安全性上更有保障，而且服务域名便于统一，便于管理。

carson0408

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springcloud之网关(zuul)

微服务架构下，会存在多个服务交叉，那么对于外界用户来说如果需要访问，如果只能访问各个服务的url的话，那么会十分不友好，同时对于服务本身来说，安全性不高。因此，springcloud引入了网关的概念，统一了服务对外的地址，简化了服务与用户之间的互动。本文将沿用之前的学生与老师两个微服务，来讲解网关zuul组件给微服务架构带来的好处。如果在没有使用网关的时候，用户...
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