linux sock_raw原始套接字编程

from:http://blog.chinaunix.net/u2/62281/showart_1096746.html

 

sock_raw原始套接字编程可以接收到本机网卡上的数据帧或者数据包,对与监听网络的流量和分析是很有作用的.一共可以有3种方式创建这种socket

 

1.socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_TCP|IPPROTO_UDP|IPPROTO_ICMP)发送接收ip数据包

2.socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_IP|ETH_P_ARP|ETH_P_ALL))发送接收以太网数据帧

3.socket(AF_INET, SOCK_PACKET, htons(ETH_P_IP|ETH_P_ARP|ETH_P_ALL))过时了,不要用啊

 

理解一下SOCK_RAW的原理, 比如网卡收到了一个 14+20+8+100+4 的udp的以太网数据帧.

 

首先,网卡对该数据帧进行硬过滤(根据网卡的模式不同会有不同的动作,如果设置了promisc混杂模式的话,则不做任何过滤直接交给下一层输 入例程,否则非本机mac或者广播mac会被直接丢弃).按照上面的例子,如果成功的话,会进入ip输入例程.但是在进入ip输入例程之前,系统会检查系 统中是否有通过socket(AF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, ..)创建的套接字.如果有的话并且协议相符,在这个例子中就是需要ETH_P_IP或者ETH_P_ALL类型.系统就给每个这样的socket接收缓 冲区发送一个数据帧拷贝.然后进入下一步.

 

其次,进入了ip输入例程(ip层会对该数据包进行软过滤,就是检查校验或者丢弃非本机ip或者广播ip的数据包等,具体要参考源代码),例子 中就是如果成功的话会进入udp输入例程.但是在交给udp输入例程之前,系统会检查系统中是否有通过socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, ..)创建的套接字.如果有的话并且协议相符,在这个例子中就是需要IPPROTO_UDP类型.系统就给每个这样的socket接收缓冲区发送一个数据 帧拷贝.然后进入下一步.

 

最后,进入udp输入例程 ...

 

ps:如果校验和出错的话,内核会直接丢弃该数据包的.而不会拷贝给sock_raw的套接字,因为校验和都出错了,数据肯定有问题的包括所有信息都没有意义了.

 

进一步分析他们的能力.

1. socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_UDP);

能:该套接字可以接收协议类型为(tcp udp icmp等)发往本机的ip数据包,从上面看的就是20+8+100.

不能:不能收到非发往本地ip的数据包(ip软过滤会丢弃这些不是发往本机ip的数据包).

不能:不能收到从本机发送出去的数据包.

发送的话需要自己组织tcp udp icmp等头部.可以setsockopt来自己包装ip头部

这种套接字用来写个ping程序比较适合

     

2. socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(x)); 

这个套接字比较强大,创建这种套接字可以监听网卡上的所有数据帧.从上面看就是20+20+8+100.最后一个以太网crc从来都不算进来的,因为内核已经判断过了,对程序来说没有任何意义了.

能: 接收发往本地mac的数据帧

能: 接收从本机发送出去的数据帧(第3个参数需要设置为ETH_P_ALL)

能: 接收非发往本地mac的数据帧(网卡需要设置为promisc混杂模式)

协议类型一共有四个

ETH_P_IP  0x800      只接收发往本机mac的ip类型的数据帧

ETH_P_ARP 0x806      只接受发往本机mac的arp类型的数据帧

ETH_P_ARP 0x8035     只接受发往本机mac的rarp类型的数据帧

ETH_P_ALL 0x3        接收发往本机mac的所有类型ip arp rarp的数据帧, 接收从本机发出的所有类型的数据帧.(混杂模式打开的情况下,会接收到非发往本地mac的数据帧)

 

发送的时候需要自己组织整个以太网数据帧.所有相关的地址使用struct sockaddr_ll 而不是struct sockaddr_in(因为协议簇是PF_PACKET不是AF_INET了),比如发送给某个机器,对方的地址需要使用struct sockaddr_ll.

 

这种socket大小通吃,强悍

下面是一段相关的代码:

 

. . .     int sockfd = socket( PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons( ETH_P_ALL) ) ;     struct sockaddr_ll sll;     memset( &sll, 0, sizeof ( sll) ) ;     sll. sll_family = AF_PACKET;     struct ifreq ifstruct;     strcpy( ifstruct. ifr_name, "eth0" ) ;     ioctl( sockfd, SIOCGIFINDEX, &ifstruct) ;     sll. sll_ifindex = ifstruct. ifr_ifindex;     sll. sll_protocol = htons( ETH_P_ALL) ;     if ( bind( fd, ( struct sockaddr * ) &sll, sizeof ( sll) ) = = - 1 ) {        perror("bind()");     . . .

 

int set_promisc( char * interface, int fd) {         struct ifreq ifr;         strcpy( ifr. ifr_name, interface) ;         if ( ioctl( fd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) = = - 1) {                 perror( "iotcl()" ) ;                 return - 1;         }         ifr. ifr_flags | = IFF_PROMISC;         if ( ioctl( fd, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) = = - 1) {                 perror( "iotcl()" ) ;                 return - 1;         }         return 0; }   int unset_promisc( char * interface, int fd) {         struct ifreq ifr;         strcpy( ifr. ifr_name, interface) ;         if ( ioctl( fd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) = = - 1) {                 perror( "iotcl()" ) ;                 return - 1;         }         ifr. ifr_flags &= ~IFF_PROMISC;         if ( ioctl( fd, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) = = - 1) {                 perror( "iotcl()" ) ;                 return - 1;         }         return 0; }

 

3. socket(AF_INET, SOCK_PACKET, htons(ETH_P_ALL))这个最好不要用,反正我不用...

 

总结使用方法: 1.只想收到发往本机某种协议的ip数据包的话用第一种就足够了

            2. 更多的详细的内容请使用第二种.包括ETH_P_ALL参数和混杂模式都可以使它的能力不断的加强.

ps:很多自己的想法.虚拟机测试环境.有错欢迎指出交流

qq:110024218

 

 

我写的ping

 

#include "stdio.h" #include "stdlib.h" #include "string.h" #include "unistd.h" #include "sys/types.h" #include "sys/socket.h" #include "netinet/in.h" #include "netinet/ip.h" #include "netinet/ip_icmp.h" #include "netdb.h" #include "errno.h" #include "arpa/inet.h" #include "signal.h" #include "sys/time.h" extern int errno; int sockfd; struct sockaddr_in addr; //peer addr char straddr[128]; //peer addr ip(char*) char sendbuf[2048]; char recvbuf[2048]; int sendnum; int recvnum; int datalen = 30; unsigned short my_cksum(unsigned short *data, int len) { int result = 0; int i; for(i=0; i < len/2; i++) { result += *data; data++; } while(result >> 16)result = (result&0xffff) + (result>>16); return ~result; } void tv_sub(struct timeval* recvtime, const struct timeval* sendtime) { int sec = recvtime->tv_sec - sendtime->tv_sec; int usec = recvtime->tv_usec - sendtime->tv_usec; if(usec >= 0) { recvtime->tv_sec = sec; recvtime->tv_usec = usec; } else { recvtime->tv_sec = sec-1; recvtime->tv_usec = -usec; } } void send_icmp() { struct icmp* icmp = (struct icmp*)sendbuf; icmp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; icmp->icmp_code = 0; icmp->icmp_cksum = 0; icmp->icmp_id = getpid(); //needn't use htons() call, because peer networking kernel didn't handle this data and won't make different meanings(bigdian litteldian) icmp->icmp_seq = ++sendnum; //needn't use hotns() call too. gettimeofday((struct timeval*)icmp->icmp_data, NULL); int len = 8 + datalen; icmp->icmp_cksum = my_cksum((unsigned short*)icmp, len); int retval = sendto(sockfd, sendbuf, len, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr)); if(retval == -1){ perror("sendto()"); exit(-1); } else { // printf("send icmp request to %s(%d) bytes/n", straddr, len); } } void recv_icmp() { struct timeval *sendtime; struct timeval recvtime; for(;;) { int n = recvfrom(sockfd, recvbuf, sizeof(recvbuf), 0, 0, 0); if(n == -1) { if(errno == EINTR)continue; else { perror("recvfrom()"); exit(-1); } } else { gettimeofday(&recvtime, NULL); struct ip *ip = (struct ip*)recvbuf; if(ip->ip_src.s_addr != addr.sin_addr.s_addr) { // printf("ip_src is not : %s/n", straddr); continue; } struct icmp *icmp = (struct icmp*)(recvbuf + ((ip->ip_hl)<<2)); if(icmp->icmp_id != getpid()) { // printf("icmp_id is not :%d/n", getpid()); continue; } recvnum++; sendtime = (struct timeval*)icmp->icmp_data; tv_sub(&recvtime, sendtime); printf("imcp echo from %s(%dbytes)/tttl=%d/tseq=%d/ttime=%d.%06d s/n", straddr, n, ip->ip_ttl, icmp->icmp_seq, (int)recvtime.tv_sec, (int)recvtime.tv_usec); } } } void catch_sigalrm(int signum) { send_icmp(); alarm(1); } void catch_sigint(int signum) { printf("/nPing statics:send %d packets, recv %d packets, %d%% lost.../n", sendnum, recvnum, (int)((float)(sendnum-recvnum)/sendnum)*100); exit(0); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { if(argc != 2) { printf("please use format: ping hostname/n"); exit(-1); } sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP); if(sockfd == -1) { perror("socket()"); return -1; } /* int sendbufsize = 180; socklen_t sendbufsizelen = sizeof(sendbufsize); if(setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &sendbufsize, sendbufsizelen) == -1)perror("setsockopt()"); int recvbufsize; socklen_t recvbufsizelen; if(getsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &recvbufsize, &recvbufsizelen) == -1)perror("getsockopt()"); */ memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr)); addr.sin_family = AF_INET; int retval = inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[1], &addr.sin_addr); if(retval == -1 || retval == 0) { struct hostent* host = gethostbyname(argv[1]); if(host == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "gethostbyname(%s):%s/n", argv[1], strerror(errno)); exit(-1); } /* if(host->h_name != NULL)printf("hostent.h_name:%s/n", host->h_name); if(host->h_aliases != NULL && *(host->h_aliases) != NULL)printf("hostent.h_aliases:%s/n", *(host->h_aliases)); printf("hostent.h_addrtype:%d/n", host->h_addrtype); printf("hostent.h_length:%d/n", host->h_length); */ if(host->h_addr_list != NULL && *(host->h_addr_list) != NULL) { strncpy((char*)&addr.sin_addr, *(host->h_addr_list), 4); inet_ntop(AF_INET, *(host->h_addr_list), straddr, sizeof(straddr)); } printf("Ping address:%s(%s)/n/n", host->h_name, straddr); } else { strcpy(straddr, argv[1]); printf("Ping address:%s(%s)/n/n", straddr, straddr); } struct sigaction sa1; memset(&sa1, 0, sizeof(sa1)); sa1.sa_handler = catch_sigalrm; sigemptyset(&sa1.sa_mask); sa1.sa_flags = 0; if(sigaction(SIGALRM, &sa1, NULL) == -1)perror("sigaction()"); struct sigaction sa2; memset(&sa2, 0, sizeof(sa2)); sa2.sa_handler = catch_sigint; sigemptyset(&sa2.sa_mask); sa2.sa_flags = 0; if(sigaction(SIGINT, &sa2, NULL) == -1)perror("sigaction()"); alarm(1); recv_icmp(); return 0; }