高数第七版_习题解答_3-2 考研题提示及答案

3-2 考研题提示及答案

1、求极限

$$\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }\frac{\sin x-\sin (\sin x)}{x^3}$$

$$\begin{array}{rl}& =\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }\frac{\sin x-\sin (\sin x)}{x^3}\\ & \stackrel{L^{\prime }Hospital}{=}\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }\frac{(\sin x-\sin (\sin x){)}^{\prime }}{(x^3{)}^{\prime }}\\ & =\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }\frac{\cos x-\cos (\sin x)\cdot \cos x}{3x^2}\\ & =\left(\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }\cos x\right)\cdot \left(\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }\frac{1-\cos (\sin x)}{3x^2}\right)\\ & \stackrel{L^{\prime }Hospital}{=}\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }\frac{\frac{x^2}{2}}{3x^2}=\frac{1}{6}\end{array}$$
注：这里关键是灵活运用等价无穷小替换和洛必达法则

$$1-\cos (\sin x)\sim \frac{1}{2}(\sin x{)}^2\sim \frac{1}{2}{x}^2$$

2、求极限

$$\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }(\cos x{)}^{\frac{1}{\ln (1+x^2)}}$$
分析: 利用公式：
$$\lim (1+u{)}^v=e^{\lim (v\cdot \ln (1+u))}=e^{\lim v\cdot u}$$
于是：
$$\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }(\cos x{)}^{\frac{1}{\ln (1+x^2)}}=\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }{e}^{\frac{1-2{\sin }^2\frac{x}{2}}{\ln (1+x^2)}}=\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }{e}^{-\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{e}}$$