从域名获取IP地址

Get ip address from hostname in C using Linux sockets

Socket applications often need to convert hostnames like google.com to their corresponding ip address. This is done through dns requests. The socket api in linux provides functions like gethostbyname and getaddrinfo that can be used to perform the dns requests and get the ip address.

gethostbyname

The first method uses the traditional gethostbyname function to retrieve information about a hostname/domain name.

Code

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#include<stdio.h> //printf #include<string.h> //memset #include<stdlib.h> //for exit(0); #include<sys/socket.h> #include<errno.h> //For errno - the error number #include<netdb.h> //hostent #include<arpa/inet.h>   int hostname_to_ip( char *  , char *);   int main( int argc , char *argv[]) {      if (argc <2)      {          printf ( "Please provide a hostname to resolve" );          exit (1);      }            char *hostname = argv[1];      char ip[100];            hostname_to_ip(hostname , ip);      printf ( "%s resolved to %s" , hostname , ip);            printf ( "\n" );       } /*      Get ip from domain name   */   int hostname_to_ip( char * hostname , char * ip) {      struct hostent *he;      struct in_addr **addr_list;      int i;                if ( (he = gethostbyname( hostname ) ) == NULL)      {          // get the host info          herror( "gethostbyname" );          return 1;      }        addr_list = ( struct in_addr **) he->h_addr_list;            for (i = 0; addr_list[i] != NULL; i++)      {          //Return the first one;          strcpy (ip , inet_ntoa(*addr_list[i]) );          return 0;      }            return 1; }

Compile and Run

$ gcc hostname_to_ip.c && ./a.out www.google.com
www.google.com resolved to 74.125.235.16

$ gcc hostname_to_ip.c && ./a.out www.msn.com
www.msn.com resolved to 207.46.140.34

$ gcc hostname_to_ip.c && ./a.out www.yahoo.com
www.yahoo.com resolved to 98.137.149.56

getaddrinfo

The second method uses the getaddrinfo function to retrieve information about a hostname/domain name. The getaddrinfo supports ipv6 better.

Code

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#include<stdio.h> //printf #include<string.h> //memset #include<stdlib.h> //for exit(0); #include<sys/socket.h> #include<errno.h> //For errno - the error number #include<netdb.h> //hostent #include<arpa/inet.h>   int hostname_to_ip( char *  , char *);   int main( int argc , char *argv[]) {      if (argc <2)      {          printf ( "Please provide a hostname to resolve" );          exit (1);      }            char *hostname = argv[1];      char ip[100];            hostname_to_ip(hostname , ip);      printf ( "%s resolved to %s" , hostname , ip);            printf ( "\n" );       } /*      Get ip from domain name   */   int hostname_to_ip( char *hostname , char *ip) {      int sockfd;       struct addrinfo hints, *servinfo, *p;      struct sockaddr_in *h;      int rv;        memset (&hints, 0, sizeof hints);      hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC; // use AF_INET6 to force IPv6      hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;        if ( (rv = getaddrinfo( hostname , "http" , &hints , &servinfo)) != 0)      {          fprintf (stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n" , gai_strerror(rv));          return 1;      }        // loop through all the results and connect to the first we can      for (p = servinfo; p != NULL; p = p->ai_next)      {          h = ( struct sockaddr_in *) p->ai_addr;          strcpy (ip , inet_ntoa( h->sin_addr ) );      }            freeaddrinfo(servinfo); // all done with this structure      return 0; }