高性能NIO框架Netty

Netty简介

Netty是基于Java NIO的网络应用框架.
Netty是一个NIO client-server(客户端服务器)框架,使用Netty可以快速开发网络应用,例如服务器和客户端协议。Netty提供了一种新的方式来使开发网络应用程序,这种新的方式使得它很容易使用和有很强的扩展性。Netty的内部实现时很复杂的,但是Netty提供了简单易用的api从网络处理代码中解耦业务逻辑。Netty是完全基于NIO实现的,所以整个Netty都是异步的。
网络应用程序通常需要有较高的可扩展性,无论是Netty还是其他的基于Java NIO的框架,都会提供可扩展性的解决方案。Netty中一个关键组成部分是它的异步特性.

Netty代码示例

下载netty包

下载netty包,下载地址http://netty.io/

服务端启动类

package cn.itcast_03_netty.sendstring.server;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.coder.PersonDecoder;

/**
 * • 配置服务器功能,如线程、端口 • 实现服务器处理程序,它包含业务逻辑,决定当有一个请求连接或接收数据时该做什么
 * 
 * @author wilson
 *
 */
public class EchoServer {

    private final int port;

    public EchoServer(int port) {
        this.port = port;
    }

    public void start() throws Exception {
        EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup = null;
        try {
            //server端引导类
            ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
            //连接池处理数据
            eventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            //装配bootstrap
            serverBootstrap.group(eventLoopGroup)
            .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)//指定通道类型为NioServerSocketChannel,一种异步模式,OIO阻塞模式为OioServerSocketChannel
            .localAddress("localhost",port)//设置InetSocketAddress让服务器监听某个端口已等待客户端连接。
            .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {//设置childHandler执行所有的连接请求
                @Override
                protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
                    ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoServerHandler());//注册handler
                }
                    });
            // 最后绑定服务器等待直到绑定完成,调用sync()方法会阻塞直到服务器完成绑定,然后服务器等待通道关闭,因为使用sync(),所以关闭操作也会被阻塞。
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind().sync();
            System.out.println("开始监听,端口为:" + channelFuture.channel().localAddress());
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            eventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        new EchoServer(20000).start();
    }
}

服务端回调方法

package cn.itcast_03_netty.sendstring.server;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;

import java.util.Date;

import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.bean.Person;

public class EchoServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
            throws Exception {
        System.out.println("server 读取数据……");
        //读取数据
        ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
        byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
        buf.readBytes(req);
        String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
        System.out.println("接收客户端数据:" + body);
        //向客户端写数据
        System.out.println("server向client发送数据");
        String currentTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString();
        ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
        ctx.write(resp);

    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("server 读取数据完毕..");
        ctx.flush();//刷新后才将数据发出到SocketChannel
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
            throws Exception {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }

}

客户端启动类

package cn.itcast_03_netty.sendstring.client;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.coder.PersonEncoder;

/**
 * • 连接服务器 • 写数据到服务器 • 等待接受服务器返回相同的数据 • 关闭连接
 * 
 * @author wilson
 *
 */
public class EchoClient {

    private final String host;
    private final int port;

    public EchoClient(String host, int port) {
        this.host = host;
        this.port = port;
    }

    public void start() throws Exception {
        EventLoopGroup nioEventLoopGroup = null;
        try {
            // 客户端引导类
            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            // EventLoopGroup可以理解为是一个线程池,这个线程池用来处理连接、接受数据、发送数据
            nioEventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            bootstrap.group(nioEventLoopGroup)//多线程处理
                    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)//指定通道类型为NioServerSocketChannel,一种异步模式,OIO阻塞模式为OioServerSocketChannel
                    .remoteAddress(new InetSocketAddress(host, port))//地址
                    .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {//业务处理类
                                @Override
                                protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)
                                        throws Exception {
                                    ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoClientHandler());//注册handler
                                }
                            });
            // 链接服务器
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect().sync();
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            nioEventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        new EchoClient("localhost", 20000).start();
    }
}

客户端回调方法

package cn.itcast_03_netty.sendstring.client;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.bean.Person;

public class EchoClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ByteBuf> {
    // 客户端连接服务器后被调用
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("客户端连接服务器,开始发送数据……");
        byte[] req = "QUERY TIME ORDER".getBytes();//消息
        ByteBuf firstMessage = Unpooled.buffer(req.length);//发送类
        firstMessage.writeBytes(req);//发送
        ctx.writeAndFlush(firstMessage);//flush
    }

    // • 从服务器接收到数据后调用
    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg)
            throws Exception {
        System.out.println("client 读取server数据..");
        // 服务端返回消息后
        ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
        byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
        buf.readBytes(req);
        String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
        System.out.println("服务端数据为 :" + body);
    }

    // • 发生异常时被调用
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
            throws Exception {
        System.out.println("client exceptionCaught..");
        // 释放资源
        ctx.close();
    }
}

测试:
这里写图片描述

这里写图片描述

Netty中handler的执行顺序

简介

Handler在netty中,无疑占据着非常重要的地位。Handler与Servlet中的filter很像,通过Handler可以完成通讯报文的解码编码、拦截指定的报文、统一对日志错误进行处理、统一对请求进行计数、控制Handler执行与否。一句话,没有它做不到的只有你想不到的。

Netty中的所有handler都实现自ChannelHandler接口。按照输出输出来分,分为ChannelInboundHandler、ChannelOutboundHandler两大类。ChannelInboundHandler对从客户端发往服务器的报文进行处理,一般用来执行解码、读取客户端数据、进行业务处理等;ChannelOutboundHandler对从服务器发往客户端的报文进行处理,一般用来进行编码、发送报文到客户端。

Netty中,可以注册多个handler。ChannelInboundHandler按照注册的先后顺序执行;ChannelOutboundHandler按照注册的先后顺序逆序执行,如下图所示,按照注册的先后顺序对Handler进行排序,request进入Netty后的执行顺序为:
这里写图片描述

代码

服务端代码

package cn.itcast_03_netty.sendorder.server;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.coder.PersonDecoder;

/**
 * • 配置服务器功能,如线程、端口 • 实现服务器处理程序,它包含业务逻辑,决定当有一个请求连接或接收数据时该做什么
 * 
 * @author wilson
 *
 */
public class EchoServer {

    private final int port;

    public EchoServer(int port) {
        this.port = port;
    }

    public void start() throws Exception {
        EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup = null;
        try {
            //server端引导类
            ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
            //连接池处理数据
            eventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            serverBootstrap.group(eventLoopGroup)
            .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)//指定通道类型为NioServerSocketChannel,一种异步模式,OIO阻塞模式为OioServerSocketChannel
            .localAddress("localhost",port)//设置InetSocketAddress让服务器监听某个端口已等待客户端连接。
            .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {//设置childHandler执行所有的连接请求
                @Override
                protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
                    // 注册两个InboundHandler,执行顺序为注册顺序,所以应该是InboundHandler1 InboundHandler2
                    // 注册两个OutboundHandler,执行顺序为注册顺序的逆序,所以应该是OutboundHandler2 OutboundHandler1
                    ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoInHandler1());
                    ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoInHandler2());
                    ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoOutHandler1());
                    ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoOutHandler2()); 

                }
                    });
            // 最后绑定服务器等待直到绑定完成,调用sync()方法会阻塞直到服务器完成绑定,然后服务器等待通道关闭,因为使用sync(),所以关闭操作也会被阻塞。
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind().sync();
            System.out.println("开始监听,端口为:" + channelFuture.channel().localAddress());
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            eventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        new EchoServer(20000).start();
    }
}
package cn.itcast_03_netty.sendorder.server;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;

import java.util.Date;


public class EchoInHandler1 extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
            throws Exception {
        System.out.println("in1");
         // 通知执行下一个InboundHandler
        ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        ctx.flush();//刷新后才将数据发出到SocketChannel
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
            throws Exception {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }

}
package cn.itcast_03_netty.sendorder.server;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;

import java.util.Date;


public class EchoInHandler2 extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
            throws Exception {
        System.out.println("in2");
        ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
        byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
        buf.readBytes(req);
        String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
        System.out.println("接收客户端数据:" + body);
        //向客户端写数据
        System.out.println("server向client发送数据");
        String currentTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString();
        ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
        ctx.write(resp);

    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        ctx.flush();//刷新后才将数据发出到SocketChannel
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
            throws Exception {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }

}
package cn.itcast_03_netty.sendorder.server;

import java.util.Date;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromise;

public class EchoOutHandler1 extends ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter {
    @Override
    // 向client发送消息
    public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("out1");
        /*System.out.println(msg);*/

        String currentTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString();
        ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
        ctx.write(resp);
        ctx.flush();
       }
}
package cn.itcast_03_netty.sendorder.server;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromise;

public class EchoOutHandler2 extends ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter {

     @Override
        public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("out2");
            // 执行下一个OutboundHandler
            /*System.out.println("at first..msg = "+msg);
            msg = "hi newed in out2";*/
            super.write(ctx, msg, promise);
        }

}

客户端代码

package cn.itcast_03_netty.sendorder.client;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;


/**
 * • 连接服务器 • 写数据到服务器 • 等待接受服务器返回相同的数据 • 关闭连接
 * 
 * @author wilson
 *
 */
public class EchoClient {

    private final String host;
    private final int port;

    public EchoClient(String host, int port) {
        this.host = host;
        this.port = port;
    }

    public void start() throws Exception {
        EventLoopGroup nioEventLoopGroup = null;
        try {
            // 客户端引导类
            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            // EventLoopGroup可以理解为是一个线程池,这个线程池用来处理连接、接受数据、发送数据
            nioEventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            bootstrap.group(nioEventLoopGroup)//多线程处理
                    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)//指定通道类型为NioServerSocketChannel,一种异步模式,OIO阻塞模式为OioServerSocketChannel
                    .remoteAddress(new InetSocketAddress(host, port))//地址
                    .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {//业务处理类
                                @Override
                                protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)
                                        throws Exception {
                                    ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoClientHandler());//注册handler
                                }
                            });
            // 链接服务器
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect().sync();
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            nioEventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        new EchoClient("localhost", 20000).start();
    }
}
package cn.itcast_03_netty.sendorder.client;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;

public class EchoClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ByteBuf> {
    // 客户端连接服务器后被调用
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("客户端连接服务器,开始发送数据……");
        byte[] req = "QUERY TIME ORDER".getBytes();//消息
        ByteBuf firstMessage = Unpooled.buffer(req.length);//发送类
        firstMessage.writeBytes(req);//发送
        ctx.writeAndFlush(firstMessage);//flush
    }

    // • 从服务器接收到数据后调用
    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg)
            throws Exception {
        System.out.println("client 读取server数据..");
        // 服务端返回消息后
        ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
        byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
        buf.readBytes(req);
        String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
        System.out.println("服务端数据为 :" + body);
    }

    // • 发生异常时被调用
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
            throws Exception {
        System.out.println("client exceptionCaught..");
        // 释放资源
        ctx.close();
    }
}

测试:
这里写图片描述

这里写图片描述

总结

在使用Handler的过程中,需要注意:
1、ChannelInboundHandler之间的传递,通过调用 ctx.fireChannelRead(msg) 实现;调用ctx.write(msg) 将传递到ChannelOutboundHandler。
2、ctx.write()方法执行后,需要调用flush()方法才能令它立即执行。
3、流水线pipeline中outhandler不能放在最后,否则不生效
4、Handler的消费处理放在最后一个处理。

Netty发送对象

简介

Netty中,通讯的双方建立连接后,会把数据按照ByteBuf的方式进行传输,例如http协议中,就是通过HttpRequestDecoder对ByteBuf数据流进行处理,转换成http的对象。基于这个思路,我自定义一种通讯协议:Server和客户端直接传输java对象。

实现的原理是通过Encoder把java对象转换成ByteBuf流进行传输,通过Decoder把ByteBuf转换成java对象进行处理,处理逻辑如下图所示:
这里写图片描述

代码

Person类

package cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.bean;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Person implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private int age;

    public String toString() {
        return "name:" + name + " sex:" + sex + " age:" + age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

对象序列化工具类

package cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.coder;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder;

import java.util.List;

import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.utils.ByteBufToBytes;
import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.utils.ByteObjConverter;

 /**
  * 反序列化
  * 将Byte[]转换为Object
  * @author wilson
  *
  */
public class PersonDecoder extends ByteToMessageDecoder {
    @Override
    protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception {
        //工具类:将ByteBuf转换为byte[]
        ByteBufToBytes read = new ByteBufToBytes();
        byte[] bytes = read.read(in);
        //工具类:将byte[]转换为object
        Object obj = ByteObjConverter.byteToObject(bytes);
        out.add(obj);
    }

}
package cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.coder;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToByteEncoder;
import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.bean.Person;
import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.utils.ByteObjConverter;
 /**
  * 序列化
  * 将object转换成Byte[]
  * @author wilson
  *
  */
public class PersonEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<Person> {

    @Override
    protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Person msg, ByteBuf out) throws Exception {
        //工具类:将object转换为byte[]
        byte[] datas = ByteObjConverter.objectToByte(msg);
        out.writeBytes(datas);
        ctx.flush();
    }
}
package cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.utils;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;

public class ByteBufToBytes {
    /**
     * 将ByteBuf转换为byte[]
     * @param datas
     * @return
     */
    public byte[] read(ByteBuf datas) {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[datas.readableBytes()];// 创建byte[]
        datas.readBytes(bytes);// 将ByteBuf转换为byte[]
        return bytes;
    }
}
package cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.utils;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

public class ByteObjConverter {
    /**
     * 使用IO的inputstream流将byte[]转换为object
     * @param bytes
     * @return
     */
    public static Object byteToObject(byte[] bytes) {
        Object obj = null;
        ByteArrayInputStream bi = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
        ObjectInputStream oi = null;
        try {
            oi = new ObjectInputStream(bi);
            obj = oi.readObject();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                bi.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                oi.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return obj;
    }
    /**
     * 使用IO的outputstream流将object转换为byte[]
     * @param bytes
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] objectToByte(Object obj) {
        byte[] bytes = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream bo = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream oo = null;
        try {
            oo = new ObjectOutputStream(bo);
            oo.writeObject(obj);
            bytes = bo.toByteArray();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                bo.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                oo.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return bytes;
    }
}

服务端代码

package cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.server;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.coder.PersonDecoder;

/**
 * • 配置服务器功能,如线程、端口 • 实现服务器处理程序,它包含业务逻辑,决定当有一个请求连接或接收数据时该做什么
 * 
 * @author wilson
 *
 */
public class EchoServer {

    private final int port;

    public EchoServer(int port) {
        this.port = port;
    }

    public void start() throws Exception {
        EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup = null;
        try {
            //创建ServerBootstrap实例来引导绑定和启动服务器
            ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
            //创建NioEventLoopGroup对象来处理事件,如接受新连接、接收数据、写数据等等
            eventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            //指定通道类型为NioServerSocketChannel,一种异步模式,OIO阻塞模式为OioServerSocketChannel
            //设置InetSocketAddress让服务器监听某个端口已等待客户端连接。
            serverBootstrap.group(eventLoopGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class).localAddress("localhost",port)
            .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
                //设置childHandler执行所有的连接请求
                @Override
                protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
                    //注册解码的handler
                    ch.pipeline().addLast(new PersonDecoder());  //IN1  反序列化
                    //添加一个入站的handler到ChannelPipeline  
                    ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoServerHandler());   //IN2
                }
                    });
            // 最后绑定服务器等待直到绑定完成,调用sync()方法会阻塞直到服务器完成绑定,然后服务器等待通道关闭,因为使用sync(),所以关闭操作也会被阻塞。
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind().sync();
            System.out.println("开始监听,端口为:" + channelFuture.channel().localAddress());
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            eventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        new EchoServer(20000).start();
    }
}
package cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.server;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.bean.Person;

public class EchoServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
            throws Exception {
        Person person = (Person) msg;
        System.out.println(person.getName());
        System.out.println(person.getAge());
        System.out.println(person.getSex());
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("server 读取数据完毕..");
        ctx.flush();//刷新后才将数据发出到SocketChannel
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
            throws Exception {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }

}

客户端代码

package cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.client;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.coder.PersonEncoder;

/**
 * • 连接服务器 • 写数据到服务器 • 等待接受服务器返回相同的数据 • 关闭连接
 * 
 * @author wilson
 *
 */
public class EchoClient {

    private final String host;
    private final int port;

    public EchoClient(String host, int port) {
        this.host = host;
        this.port = port;
    }

    public void start() throws Exception {
        EventLoopGroup nioEventLoopGroup = null;
        try {
            // 创建Bootstrap对象用来引导启动客户端
            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            // 创建EventLoopGroup对象并设置到Bootstrap中,EventLoopGroup可以理解为是一个线程池,这个线程池用来处理连接、接受数据、发送数据
            nioEventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            // 创建InetSocketAddress并设置到Bootstrap中,InetSocketAddress是指定连接的服务器地址
            bootstrap.group(nioEventLoopGroup)//
                    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)//
                    .remoteAddress(new InetSocketAddress(host, port))//
                    .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {//
                                // 添加一个ChannelHandler,客户端成功连接服务器后就会被执行
                                @Override
                                protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)
                                        throws Exception {
                                    // 注册编码的handler
                                    ch.pipeline().addLast(new PersonEncoder());  //out
                                    //注册处理消息的handler
                                    ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoClientHandler());   //in
                                }
                            });
            // • 调用Bootstrap.connect()来连接服务器
            ChannelFuture f = bootstrap.connect().sync();
            // • 最后关闭EventLoopGroup来释放资源
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            nioEventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        new EchoClient("localhost", 20000).start();
    }
}
package cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.client;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.bean.Person;

public class EchoClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ByteBuf> {
    // 客户端连接服务器后被调用
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
         Person person = new Person();
            person.setName("angelababy");
            person.setSex("girl");
            person.setAge(18);
            ctx.write(person);
            ctx.flush();
    }

    // • 从服务器接收到数据后调用
    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg)
            throws Exception {
        System.out.println("client 读取server数据..");
        // 服务端返回消息后
        ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
        byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
        buf.readBytes(req);
        String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
        System.out.println("服务端数据为 :" + body);
    }

    // • 发生异常时被调用
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
            throws Exception {
        System.out.println("client exceptionCaught..");
        // 释放资源
        ctx.close();
    }
}

测试:
这里写图片描述

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