转载:http://www.jb51.net/article/54268.htm
本文较为详细的描述了重载运算符的方法。一般来说,重载运算符在实际的项目开发中会经常的用到,但如果某些自定义类型通过简短几行代码重载一些常用的运算符(如:+-*/),就能让编程工作带来方便;重载运算符就是告诉编译器+-*/等运算符对于自定义类型进行什么样的操作,在代码中需要注意几点。
一、尽可能的不要改变运算符本身的含义
二、所有的运算符重载都必须声明为public和static
三、不同于扩展方法,所重载的方法必须是在被重载的类型内部,且用关键字operator
C#中的两个字符串相加,实际上是连接两个字符串,假如有两个EmployeeDetail类型相加得到一个EmployeeCollection集合,如:
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EmployeeDetail a,b;
....
EmployeeCollection collection = a+b;
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当编译器遇到上面的代码时就会自动调用EmployeeDetail类上标有operator +的静态方法,并将两个操作数a和b作为参数传递给对于的方法,该方法需要方法一个值赋给collection,假设EmployeeDetail类有三个属性分别是FirstName,MiddleName,LastName,还重写了ToString方法返回一个连接这三个名称的字符串,代码如:
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[Serializable]
public
class
EmployeeDetail
{
public
string
FirstName {
get
;
set
; }
public
string
MiddleName {
get
;
set
; }
public
string
LastName {
set
;
get
; }
public
override
string
ToString()
{
return
string
.Format(
"{0}{1}{2}{3}{4}"
, FirstName,
string
.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(MiddleName) ?
null
:
"."
, MiddleName
,
string
.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(LastName) ?
null
:
"."
,
LastName).Trim();
}
}
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下面的代码为“+”运算符提供支持的运算符重载:
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public
static
EmployeeCollection
operator
+(EmployeeDetail a, EmployeeDetail b)
{
return
new
EmployeeCollection() { a, b };
}
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OK,给EmployeeDetail类加上这样的一个方法之后,我们就可以像下面那个写代码了:
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EmployeeCollection collection =
new
EmployeeDetail(){FirstName=
"Jackson"
,LastName=
"Bruce"
} +
new
EmployeeDetail(){FirstName=
"Michael"
,LastName=
"Jackson"
} ;
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但是这样还不够完美,假设a,b,c都是EmployeeDetail类型,下面的代码会抛出一个编译错误:
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EmployeeCollection collection = a + b + c;
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为什么编译不通过呢?大家都知道除了赋值运算符外表达式是从左到右执行的,a+b返回的是EmployeeCollection类型,EmployeeCollection类型并没有重载“+”运算符,编译器不知道要执行什么操作,所以我们还有下面的两个方法:
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public
static
EmployeeCollection
operator
+(EmployeeCollection collection, EmployeeDetail a)
{
collection.Add(a);
return
collection;
}
public
static
EmployeeCollection
operator
+(EmployeeDetail a, EmployeeCollection collection)
{
return
collection + a;
}
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这看起来似乎已经很完美了,但我们还可以做得更好一些,比如要将字符串“Jackson.Bruce”直接隐式转换为EmployeeDetail类型,也就是说可以将“Jackson.Bruce"这种格式的字符串直接赋给EmployeeDetail类型的对象,如:EmployeeDetail employee= “Jackson.Bruce",那么就需要隐式重载类型转换运算符了(“类型转换”运算符:ClassType,例如:operator ClassType),代码如下:
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/// <summary>
/// 隐式类型转换
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public
static
implicit
operator
EmployeeDetail(
string
name)
{
/// 其实在这里可以写一个正则表达式检查name的字符串格式是否合法,如果不合法就抛出异常
///
string
[] arr;
return
string
.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name) ?
null
:
new
EmployeeDetail()
{
FirstName = (arr = name.Trim().Split(
'.'
))[0]
,
LastName = arr.Length > 1 ? arr[arr.Length > 2 ? 2 : 1] :
null
,
MiddleName = arr.Length > 2 ? arr[1] :
null
};
}
public
static
EmployeeCollection
operator
+(EmployeeDetail a,
string
b)
{
return
new
EmployeeCollection() { a, b };
}
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看到这里您是不是迫不及待地想试试看,OK写个控制台程序来测试一下:
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static
void
Main(
string
[] args)
{
EmployeeDetail employee =
"Jackson.Bruce"
;
Console.WriteLine(
"FirstName={0},MiddleNam={1},LastName={2}"
, employee.FirstName, employee.MiddleName, employee.LastName);
Console.WriteLine(
"toString={0}"
, employee);
Console.WriteLine();
EmployeeCollection collection =
"Michael.Jackson"
+ employee;
collection +=
"Bruce.Lee"
;
foreach
(var e
in
collection)
{
Console.WriteLine(e);
}
Console.WriteLine();
collection -= employee;
foreach
(var e
in
collection)
{
Console.WriteLine(e);
}
Console.WriteLine(
"===end==="
);
Console.Read();
}
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运行结果如下图所示:
全部代码,里面还包含其他运算符的重载,这里就不再介绍了,赶紧动手测试一下吧:
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using
System;
using
System.Collections.Generic;
using
System.Linq;
using
System.Text;
namespace
重载运算符
{
[Serializable]
public
class
EmployeeDetail
{
public
string
FirstName {
get
;
set
; }
public
string
MiddleName {
get
;
set
; }
public
string
LastName {
set
;
get
; }
public
static
EmployeeCollection
operator
+(EmployeeDetail a, EmployeeDetail b)
{
return
new
EmployeeCollection() { a, b };
}
public
static
EmployeeCollection
operator
+(EmployeeCollection collection, EmployeeDetail a)
{
collection.Add(a);
return
collection;
}
public
static
EmployeeCollection
operator
+(EmployeeDetail a, EmployeeCollection collection)
{
return
collection + a;
}
/// <summary>
/// 隐式类型转换
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public
static
implicit
operator
EmployeeDetail(
string
name)
{
string
[] arr;
return
string
.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name) ?
null
:
new
EmployeeDetail()
{
FirstName = (arr = name.Trim().Split(
'.'
))[0]
,
LastName = arr.Length > 1 ? arr[arr.Length > 2 ? 2 : 1] :
null
,
MiddleName = arr.Length > 2 ? arr[1] :
null
};
}
public
static
EmployeeCollection
operator
+(EmployeeDetail a,
string
b)
{
return
new
EmployeeCollection() { a, b };
}
public
override
string
ToString()
{
return
string
.Format(
"{0}{1}{2}{3}{4}"
, FirstName,
string
.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(MiddleName) ?
null
:
"."
, MiddleName
,
string
.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(LastName) ?
null
:
"."
,
LastName).Trim();
}
}
public
class
EmployeeCollection : List<EmployeeDetail>
{
public
static
EmployeeCollection
operator
+(EmployeeCollection a,
string
b)
{
a.Add(b);
return
a;
}
public
static
EmployeeCollection
operator
+(
string
b, EmployeeCollection a)
{
return
a + b;
}
public
static
EmployeeCollection
operator
-(EmployeeCollection a, EmployeeDetail b)
{
a.Remove(b);
return
a;
}
}
class
Program
{
static
void
Main(
string
[] args)
{
EmployeeDetail employee =
"Jackson.Bruce"
;
Console.WriteLine(
"FirstName={0},MiddleNam={1},LastName={2}"
, employee.FirstName, employee.MiddleName, employee.LastName);
Console.WriteLine(
"toString={0}"
, employee);
Console.WriteLine();
EmployeeCollection collection =
"Michael.Jackson"
+ employee;
collection +=
"Bruce.Lee"
;
foreach
(var e
in
collection)
{
Console.WriteLine(e);
}
Console.WriteLine();
collection -= employee;
foreach
(var e
in
collection)
{
Console.WriteLine(e);
}
Console.WriteLine(
"===end==="
);
Console.Read();
}
}
}
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