DataTable 类

表示内存中数据的一个表。

有关此类型所有成员的列表,请参阅 DataTable 成员

System.Object
   System.ComponentModel.MarshalByValueComponent
      System.Data.DataTable

[Visual Basic]
<Serializable>
Public Class DataTable
   Inherits MarshalByValueComponent
   Implements IListSource, ISupportInitialize, ISerializable
[C#]
[Serializable]
public class DataTable : MarshalByValueComponent, IListSource,
   ISupportInitialize, ISerializable
[C++]
[Serializable]
public __gc class DataTable : public MarshalByValueComponent,
   IListSource, ISupportInitialize, ISerializable
[JScript]
public
   Serializable
class DataTable extends MarshalByValueComponent implements
   IListSource, ISupportInitialize, ISerializable
线程安全

该类型对于多线程读操作是安全的。您必须使任何写操作同步。

备注

DataTable 是 ADO.NET 库中的核心对象。其他使用 DataTable 的对象包括 DataSetDataView

当访问 DataTable 对象时,注意它们是按条件区分大小写的。例如,如果一个 DataTable 被命名为“mydatatable”,另一个被命名为“Mydatatable”,则用于搜索其中一个表的字符串被认为是区分大小写的。但是,如果“mydatatable”存在而“Mydatatable”不存在,则认为该搜索字符串不区分大小写。有关使用 DataTable 对象的更多信息,请参见 tabindex="0" keywords="cpconCreatingDataTable">创建数据表。

如果正在以编程方式创建 DataTable,则必须先通过将 DataColumn 对象添加到 DataColumnCollection(通过 Columns 属性访问)中来定义其架构。有关添加 DataColumn 对象的更多信息,请参见 tabindex="0" keywords="cpconaddingdatacolumnstodatatable">在表中添加列。

若要向 DataTable 中添加行,必须先使用 NewRow 方法返回新的 DataRow 对象。NewRow 方法返回具有 DataTable 的架构的行,就像由该表的 DataColumnCollection 定义的那样。DataTable 可存储的最大行数是 16,777,216。有关更多信息,请参见 tabindex="0" keywords="cpconaddingdatatodatatable">将数据添至表中。

表的架构由 DataColumn 对象的集合 DataColumnCollection 定义。通过 Columns 属性访问 DataColumnCollection。有关定义表的架构的更多信息,请参见 DataColumnDataColumnCollection

DataTable 包含可用于确保数据完整性的 Constraint 对象的集合。有关更多信息,请参见 tabindex="0" keywords="cpconAddingConstraintsToDataSet">将约束添加到表。

若要确定何时对表进行更改,请使用以下某个事件:RowChangedRowChangingRowDeletingRowDeleted。有关更多信息,请参见 tabindex="0" keywords="cpconWorkingWithDataTableEvents">使用 DataTable 事件。

当创建 DataTable 的实例时,某些读/写属性将被设置为初始值。有关这些值的列表,请参见 DataTable 构造函数。

注意    DataSetDataTable 对象从 MarshalByValueComponent 继承而来,并支持用于远程处理的 ISerializable 接口。这些是仅有的可以远程处理的 ADO.NET 对象。
示例

[Visual Basic, C#, C++] 以下示例创建两个 DataTable 对象和一个 DataRelation 对象,并将这些新对象添加到 DataSet 中。然后通过调用 DataGrid.SetDataBinding 方法在 DataGrid 控件中显示这些表。

[Visual Basic] 
' Put the next line into the Declarations section.
 private myDataSet As DataSet 
 
 Private Sub MakeDataTables()
    ' Run all of the functions. 
    MakeParentTable()
    MakeChildTable()
    MakeDataRelation()
    BindToDataGrid()
 End Sub
 
 Private Sub MakeParentTable()
    ' Create a new DataTable.
    Dim myDataTable As DataTable = new DataTable("ParentTable")
    ' Declare variables for DataColumn and DataRow objects.
    Dim myDataColumn As DataColumn 
    Dim myDataRow As DataRow 
 
    ' Create new DataColumn, set DataType, ColumnName and add to DataTable.    
    myDataColumn = New DataColumn()
    myDataColumn.DataType = System.Type.GetType("System.Int32")
    myDataColumn.ColumnName = "id"
    myDataColumn.ReadOnly = True
    myDataColumn.Unique = True
    ' Add the Column to the DataColumnCollection.
    myDataTable.Columns.Add(myDataColumn)
 
    ' Create second column.
    myDataColumn = New DataColumn()
    myDataColumn.DataType = System.Type.GetType("System.String")
    myDataColumn.ColumnName = "ParentItem"
    myDataColumn.AutoIncrement = False
    myDataColumn.Caption = "ParentItem"
    myDataColumn.ReadOnly = False
    myDataColumn.Unique = False
    ' Add the column to the table.
    myDataTable.Columns.Add(myDataColumn)
 
    ' Make the ID column the primary key column.
    Dim PrimaryKeyColumns(0) As DataColumn
    PrimaryKeyColumns(0)= myDataTable.Columns("id")
    myDataTable.PrimaryKey = PrimaryKeyColumns
 
    ' Instantiate the DataSet variable.
    myDataSet = New DataSet()
    ' Add the new DataTable to the DataSet.
    myDataSet.Tables.Add(myDataTable)
 
    ' Create three new DataRow objects and add them to the DataTable
    Dim i As Integer
    For i = 0 to 2
       myDataRow = myDataTable.NewRow()
       myDataRow("id") = i
       myDataRow("ParentItem") = "ParentItem " + i.ToString()
       myDataTable.Rows.Add(myDataRow)
    Next i
 End Sub
 
 Private Sub MakeChildTable()
    ' Create a new DataTable.
    Dim myDataTable As DataTable = New DataTable("childTable")
    Dim myDataColumn As DataColumn 
    Dim myDataRow As DataRow 
 
    ' Create first column and add to the DataTable.
    myDataColumn = New DataColumn()
    myDataColumn.DataType= System.Type.GetType("System.Int32")
    myDataColumn.ColumnName = "ChildID"
    myDataColumn.AutoIncrement = True
    myDataColumn.Caption = "ID"
    myDataColumn.ReadOnly = True
    myDataColumn.Unique = True
    ' Add the column to the DataColumnCollection.
    myDataTable.Columns.Add(myDataColumn)
 
    ' Create second column.
    myDataColumn = New DataColumn()
    myDataColumn.DataType= System.Type.GetType("System.String")
    myDataColumn.ColumnName = "ChildItem"
    myDataColumn.AutoIncrement = False
    myDataColumn.Caption = "ChildItem"
    myDataColumn.ReadOnly = False
    myDataColumn.Unique = False
    myDataTable.Columns.Add(myDataColumn)
 
    ' Create third column.
    myDataColumn = New DataColumn()
    myDataColumn.DataType= System.Type.GetType("System.Int32")
    myDataColumn.ColumnName = "ParentID"
    myDataColumn.AutoIncrement = False
    myDataColumn.Caption = "ParentID"
    myDataColumn.ReadOnly = False
    myDataColumn.Unique = False
    myDataTable.Columns.Add(myDataColumn)
 
    myDataSet.Tables.Add(myDataTable)
    ' Create three sets of DataRow objects, five rows each, and add to DataTable.
    Dim i As Integer
    For i = 0 to 4
       myDataRow = myDataTable.NewRow()
       myDataRow("childID") = i
       myDataRow("ChildItem") = "Item " + i.ToString()
       myDataRow("ParentID") = 0 
       myDataTable.Rows.Add(myDataRow)
    Next i
    For i = 0 to 4
       myDataRow = myDataTable.NewRow()
       myDataRow("childID") = i + 5
       myDataRow("ChildItem") = "Item " + i.ToString()
       myDataRow("ParentID") = 1 
       myDataTable.Rows.Add(myDataRow)
    Next i
    For i = 0 to 4
       myDataRow = myDataTable.NewRow()
       myDataRow("childID") = i + 10
       myDataRow("ChildItem") = "Item " + i.ToString()
       myDataRow("ParentID") = 2 
       myDataTable.Rows.Add(myDataRow)
    Next i
 End Sub
 
 Private Sub MakeDataRelation()
    ' DataRelation requires two DataColumn (parent and child) and a name.
    Dim myDataRelation As DataRelation 
    Dim parentColumn As DataColumn 
    Dim childColumn As DataColumn 
    parentColumn = myDataSet.Tables("ParentTable").Columns("id")
    childColumn = myDataSet.Tables("ChildTable").Columns("ParentID")
    myDataRelation = new DataRelation("parent2Child", parentColumn, childColumn)
    myDataSet.Tables("ChildTable").ParentRelations.Add(myDataRelation)
 End Sub
 
 Private Sub BindToDataGrid()
    ' Instruct the DataGrid to bind to the DataSet, with the 
    ' ParentTable as the topmost DataTable.
    DataGrid1.SetDataBinding(myDataSet,"ParentTable")
 End Sub
 

[C#] 
// Put the next line into the Declarations section.
 private System.Data.DataSet myDataSet;
 
 private void MakeDataTables(){
    // Run all of the functions. 
    MakeParentTable();
    MakeChildTable();
    MakeDataRelation();
    BindToDataGrid();
 }
 
 private void MakeParentTable(){
    // Create a new DataTable.
    System.Data.DataTable myDataTable = new DataTable("ParentTable");
    // Declare variables for DataColumn and DataRow objects.
    DataColumn myDataColumn;
    DataRow myDataRow;
 
    // Create new DataColumn, set DataType, ColumnName and add to DataTable.    
    myDataColumn = new DataColumn();
    myDataColumn.DataType = System.Type.GetType("System.Int32");
    myDataColumn.ColumnName = "id";
    myDataColumn.ReadOnly = true;
    myDataColumn.Unique = true;
    // Add the Column to the DataColumnCollection.
    myDataTable.Columns.Add(myDataColumn);
 
    // Create second column.
    myDataColumn = new DataColumn();
    myDataColumn.DataType = System.Type.GetType("System.String");
    myDataColumn.ColumnName = "ParentItem";
    myDataColumn.AutoIncrement = false;
    myDataColumn.Caption = "ParentItem";
    myDataColumn.ReadOnly = false;
    myDataColumn.Unique = false;
    // Add the column to the table.
    myDataTable.Columns.Add(myDataColumn);
 
    // Make the ID column the primary key column.
    DataColumn[] PrimaryKeyColumns = new DataColumn[1];
    PrimaryKeyColumns[0] = myDataTable.Columns["id"];
    myDataTable.PrimaryKey = PrimaryKeyColumns;
 
    // Instantiate the DataSet variable.
    myDataSet = new DataSet();
    // Add the new DataTable to the DataSet.
    myDataSet.Tables.Add(myDataTable);
 
    // Create three new DataRow objects and add them to the DataTable
    for (int i = 0; i<= 2; i++){
       myDataRow = myDataTable.NewRow();
       myDataRow["id"] = i;
       myDataRow["ParentItem"] = "ParentItem " + i;
       myDataTable.Rows.Add(myDataRow);
    }
 }
 
 private void MakeChildTable(){
    // Create a new DataTable.
    DataTable myDataTable = new DataTable("childTable");
    DataColumn myDataColumn;
    DataRow myDataRow;
 
    // Create first column and add to the DataTable.
    myDataColumn = new DataColumn();
    myDataColumn.DataType= System.Type.GetType("System.Int32");
    myDataColumn.ColumnName = "ChildID";
    myDataColumn.AutoIncrement = true;
    myDataColumn.Caption = "ID";
    myDataColumn.ReadOnly = true;
    myDataColumn.Unique = true;
    // Add the column to the DataColumnCollection.
    myDataTable.Columns.Add(myDataColumn);
 
    // Create second column.
    myDataColumn = new DataColumn();
    myDataColumn.DataType= System.Type.GetType("System.String");
    myDataColumn.ColumnName = "ChildItem";
    myDataColumn.AutoIncrement = false;
    myDataColumn.Caption = "ChildItem";
    myDataColumn.ReadOnly = false;
    myDataColumn.Unique = false;
    myDataTable.Columns.Add(myDataColumn);
 
    // Create third column.
    myDataColumn = new DataColumn();
    myDataColumn.DataType= System.Type.GetType("System.Int32");
    myDataColumn.ColumnName = "ParentID";
    myDataColumn.AutoIncrement = false;
    myDataColumn.Caption = "ParentID";
    myDataColumn.ReadOnly = false;
    myDataColumn.Unique = false;
    myDataTable.Columns.Add(myDataColumn);
 
    myDataSet.Tables.Add(myDataTable);
    // Create three sets of DataRow objects, five rows each, and add to DataTable.
    for(int i = 0; i <= 4; i ++){
       myDataRow = myDataTable.NewRow();
       myDataRow["childID"] = i;
       myDataRow["ChildItem"] = "Item " + i;
       myDataRow["ParentID"] = 0 ;
       myDataTable.Rows.Add(myDataRow);
    }
    for(int i = 0; i <= 4; i ++){
       myDataRow = myDataTable.NewRow();
       myDataRow["childID"] = i + 5;
       myDataRow["ChildItem"] = "Item " + i;
       myDataRow["ParentID"] = 1 ;
       myDataTable.Rows.Add(myDataRow);
    }
    for(int i = 0; i <= 4; i ++){
       myDataRow = myDataTable.NewRow();
       myDataRow["childID"] = i + 10;
       myDataRow["ChildItem"] = "Item " + i;
       myDataRow["ParentID"] = 2 ;
       myDataTable.Rows.Add(myDataRow);
    }
 }
 
 private void MakeDataRelation(){
    // DataRelation requires two DataColumn (parent and child) and a name.
    DataRelation myDataRelation;
    DataColumn parentColumn;
    DataColumn childColumn;
    parentColumn = myDataSet.Tables["ParentTable"].Columns["id"];
    childColumn = myDataSet.Tables["ChildTable"].Columns["ParentID"];
    myDataRelation = new DataRelation("parent2Child", parentColumn, childColumn);
    myDataSet.Tables["ChildTable"].ParentRelations.Add(myDataRelation);
 }
 
 private void BindToDataGrid(){
    // Instruct the DataGrid to bind to the DataSet, with the 
    // ParentTable as the topmost DataTable.
    dataGrid1.SetDataBinding(myDataSet,"ParentTable");
 }

[C++] 
// Put the next line into the Declarations section.
private:
 System::Data::DataSet* myDataSet;
 
 void MakeDataTables(){
    // Run all of the functions. 
    MakeParentTable();
    MakeChildTable();
    MakeDataRelation();
    BindToDataGrid();
 }
 
 void MakeParentTable(){
    // Create a new DataTable.
    System::Data::DataTable* myDataTable = new DataTable(S"ParentTable");
    // Declare variables for DataColumn and DataRow objects.
    DataColumn* myDataColumn;
    DataRow* myDataRow;
 
    // Create new DataColumn, set DataType, ColumnName and add to DataTable.    
    myDataColumn = new DataColumn();
    myDataColumn->DataType = System::Type::GetType(S"System.Int32");
    myDataColumn->ColumnName = S"id";
    myDataColumn->ReadOnly = true;
    myDataColumn->Unique = true;
    // Add the Column to the DataColumnCollection.
    myDataTable->Columns->Add(myDataColumn);
 
    // Create second column.
    myDataColumn = new DataColumn();
    myDataColumn->DataType = System::Type::GetType(S"System.String");
    myDataColumn->ColumnName = S"ParentItem";
    myDataColumn->AutoIncrement = false;
    myDataColumn->Caption = S"ParentItem";
    myDataColumn->ReadOnly = false;
    myDataColumn->Unique = false;
    // Add the column to the table.
    myDataTable->Columns->Add(myDataColumn);
 
    // Make the ID column the primary key column.
    DataColumn* PrimaryKeyColumns[] = new DataColumn*[1];
    PrimaryKeyColumns->Item[0] = myDataTable->Columns->Item[S"id"];
    myDataTable->PrimaryKey = PrimaryKeyColumns;
 
    // Instantiate the DataSet variable.
    myDataSet = new DataSet();
    // Add the new DataTable to the DataSet.
    myDataSet->Tables->Add(myDataTable);
 
    // Create three new DataRow objects and add them to the DataTable
    for (int i = 0; i<= 2; i++){
       myDataRow = myDataTable->NewRow();
       myDataRow->Item[S"id"] = __box(i);
       myDataRow->Item[S"ParentItem"] = String::Format( S"ParentItem {0}", __box(i));
       myDataTable->Rows->Add(myDataRow);
    }
 }
 
 void MakeChildTable(){
    // Create a new DataTable.
    DataTable* myDataTable = new DataTable(S"childTable");
    DataColumn* myDataColumn;
    DataRow* myDataRow;
 
    // Create first column and add to the DataTable.
    myDataColumn = new DataColumn();
    myDataColumn->DataType= System::Type::GetType(S"System.Int32");
    myDataColumn->ColumnName = S"ChildID";
    myDataColumn->AutoIncrement = true;
    myDataColumn->Caption = S"ID";
    myDataColumn->ReadOnly = true;
    myDataColumn->Unique = true;
    // Add the column to the DataColumnCollection.
    myDataTable->Columns->Add(myDataColumn);
 
    // Create second column.
    myDataColumn = new DataColumn();
    myDataColumn->DataType= System::Type::GetType(S"System.String");
    myDataColumn->ColumnName = S"ChildItem";
    myDataColumn->AutoIncrement = false;
    myDataColumn->Caption = S"ChildItem";
    myDataColumn->ReadOnly = false;
    myDataColumn->Unique = false;
    myDataTable->Columns->Add(myDataColumn);
 
    // Create third column.
    myDataColumn = new DataColumn();
    myDataColumn->DataType= System::Type::GetType(S"System.Int32");
    myDataColumn->ColumnName = S"ParentID";
    myDataColumn->AutoIncrement = false;
    myDataColumn->Caption = S"ParentID";
    myDataColumn->ReadOnly = false;
    myDataColumn->Unique = false;
    myDataTable->Columns->Add(myDataColumn);
 
    myDataSet->Tables->Add(myDataTable);
    // Create three sets of DataRow objects, five rows each, and add to DataTable.
    for(int i = 0; i <= 4; i ++){
       myDataRow = myDataTable->NewRow();
       myDataRow->Item[S"childID"] = __box(i);
       myDataRow->Item[S"ChildItem"] = String::Format( S"Item {0}", __box(i));
       myDataRow->Item[S"ParentID"] = __box(0);
       myDataTable->Rows->Add(myDataRow);
    }
    for(int i = 0; i <= 4; i ++){
       myDataRow = myDataTable->NewRow();
       myDataRow->Item[S"childID"] = __box(i + 5);
       myDataRow->Item[S"ChildItem"] = String::Format( S"Item {0}", __box(i));
       myDataRow->Item[S"ParentID"] = __box(1);
       myDataTable->Rows->Add(myDataRow);
    }
    for(int i = 0; i <= 4; i ++){
       myDataRow = myDataTable->NewRow();
       myDataRow->Item[S"childID"] = __box(i + 10);
       myDataRow->Item[S"ChildItem"] = String::Format( S"Item {0}", __box(i));
       myDataRow->Item[S"ParentID"] = __box(2);
       myDataTable->Rows->Add(myDataRow);
    }
 }
 
 void MakeDataRelation(){
    // DataRelation requires two DataColumn (parent and child) and a name.
    DataRelation* myDataRelation;
    DataColumn* parentColumn;
    DataColumn* childColumn;
    parentColumn = myDataSet->Tables->Item[S"ParentTable"]->Columns->Item[S"id"];
    childColumn = myDataSet->Tables->Item[S"ChildTable"]->Columns->Item[S"ParentID"];
    myDataRelation = new DataRelation(S"parent2Child", parentColumn, childColumn);
    myDataSet->Tables->Item[S"ChildTable"]->ParentRelations->Add(myDataRelation);
 }
 
 void BindToDataGrid(){
    // Instruct the DataGrid to bind to the DataSet, with the 
    // ParentTable as the topmost DataTable.
    dataGrid1->SetDataBinding(myDataSet,S"ParentTable");
 }

[JScript] 没有可用于 JScript 的示例。若要查看 Visual Basic、C# 或 C++ 示例,请单击页左上角的“语言筛选器”按钮 语言筛选器

要求

命名空间: System.Data

平台: Windows 98, Windows NT 4.0, Windows ME, Windows 2000, Windows XP Home Edition, Windows XP Professional, Windows Server 2003 系列, .NET Framework 精简版

程序集: System.Data (在 System.Data.dll 中)

请参见

DataTable 成员 | System.Data 命名空间 | DataColumnCollection | DataColumn | DataRow | DataSet | DataView | DataRowCollection

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