JavaDB

Derby并不是一个新的数据库产品,它是由IBM捐献给Apache的DB项目的一个纯Java数据库,JDK6.0里面带的这个Derby的版本是10.2.1.7,支持存储过程和触发器;有两种运行模式,一种是作为嵌入式数据库,另一种是作为网络数据库,前者的数据库服务器和客户端都在同一个JVM里面运行,后者允许数据库服务器端和客户端不在同一个JVM里面,而且允许这两者在不同的物理机器上.值得注意的是JDK6里面的这个Derby支持JDK6的新特性JDBC 4.0规范(JSR 221),现在我们如果要练习JDBC的用法,没有必要单独装一个数据库产品了,直接用Derby就行.
下面是个使用derby的简单例子:
首先导入JAR包:derby.jar,如果你装的是JDK6,在C:\Program Files\Sun\JavaDB\lib目录下就可以找到.
然后就要创建数据库了:


代码
private Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
Connection connection = DriverManager
.getConnection("jdbc:derby:userDB;create=true;user=test;password=test");
connection.setAutoCommit(false);
return connection;
}



其中userDB是要连接数据库的名字,create=true表示如果该数据库不存在,则创建该数据库,如果数据库存在,则用用户user=test;密码password=test连接数据库.

有了数据库,接下来该建表了:


代码
private void createTable(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();

String sql = "create table USERS("
+ " ID BIGINT not null generated by default as identity,"
+ " USER_NAME VARCHAR(20) not null,"
+ " PASSWORD VARCHAR(20),"
+ " constraint P_KEY_1 primary key (ID))";
statement.execute(sql);

sql = "create unique index USER_NAME_INDEX on USERS ("
+ " USER_NAME ASC)";
statement.execute(sql);

statement.close();
}


创建了 USERS表,包括ID,USER_NAME,PASSWORD三个列,其中ID是主键,其中generated by default as identity 的作用类似sequence,identity是定义自动加一的列,
GENERATED BY ALWAYS AS IDENTITY
GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY
By always和by default是说明生成这个IDENTITY的方式。
By always是完全由系统自动生成。
by default是可以由用户来指定一个值。
编写与USERS表对应的javabean(这个就不多说了),:


代码
public class User implements Serializable {

/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

private Long id;

private String userName;

private String password;

public Long getId() {
return id;
}

public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}

public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}

public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}

public String getPassword() {
return password;
}

public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}


接下来就可以就数据库进行增删改查的操作了:

插入数据:


代码
private void create(User user) {
Connection connection = null;

try {
connection = this.getConnection();
PreparedStatement statement = connection
.prepareStatement("insert into users (user_name,password) values(?,?)");

int index = 1;
statement.setString(index++, user.getUserName());
statement.setString(index++, user.getPassword());

statement.execute();

user.setId(this.getId(connection));

connection.commit();
} catch (SQLException e) {
rollback(connection);
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
if (connection != null) {
close(connection);
}
}
}




代码
private Long getId(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
CallableStatement callableStatement = connection
.prepareCall("values identity_val_local()");

ResultSet resultSet = callableStatement.executeQuery();
resultSet.next();
Long id = resultSet.getLong(1);
resultSet.close();
callableStatement.close();
return id;
}


getId方法是获得系统默认的id值,是通过identity_val_local()获得的,而函数IDENTITY_VAL_LOCAL()则可以在INSERT语句执行之后，为我们返回刚才系统为id所产生的值.感觉还是有点想sequence的curr_val.

修改数据:


代码

private void update(User user) {
Connection connection = null;

try {
connection = this.getConnection();
PreparedStatement statement = connection
.prepareStatement("update users set user_name=?,password=? where id=?");

int index = 1;
statement.setString(index++, user.getUserName());
statement.setString(index++, user.getPassword());
statement.setLong(index++, user.getId());

statement.execute();

connection.commit();
} catch (SQLException e) {
rollback(connection);
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
if (connection != null) {
close(connection);
}
}
}


删除数据:


代码

public void delete(Long id) {
Connection connection = null;

try {
connection = this.getConnection();
PreparedStatement statement = connection
.prepareStatement("delete from users where id=?");
statement.setLong(1, id);
statement.execute();
connection.commit();
} catch (SQLException e) {
rollback(connection);
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
if (connection != null) {
close(connection);
}
}
}


查询数据:


代码
public User findById(Long id) {
Connection connection = null;

try {
connection = this.getConnection();

PreparedStatement statement = connection
.prepareStatement("select user_name,password from users where id=?");
statement.setLong(1, id);
ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery();

User user = null;

if (resultSet.next()) {
user = new User();
user.setId(id);
user.setUserName(resultSet.getString("user_name"));
user.setPassword(resultSet.getString("password"));
}

resultSet.close();
statement.close();
connection.commit();
return user;
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
if (connection != null) {
close(connection);
}
}
}


以上就是derby的简单操作.