在上文中提到了Lock接口以及对象,使用它,很优雅的控制了竞争资源的安全访问,但是这种锁不区分读写,称这种锁为普通锁。为了提高性能,Java提供了读写锁,在读的地方使用读锁,在写的地方使用写锁,灵活控制,
如果没有写锁的情况下,读是无阻塞的,在一定程度上提高了程序的执行效率。
Java中读写锁有个接口java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock,也有具体的实现ReentrantReadWriteLock,详细的API可以查看JavaAPI文档。
ReentrantReadWriteLock 和 ReentrantLock 不是继承关系,但都是基于 AbstractQueuedSynchronizer 来实现。
lock方法 是基于CAS 来实现的
注意: 在同一线程中,持有读锁后,不能直接调用写锁的lock方法 ,否则会造成死锁。
下面这个例子是在文例子的基础上,将普通锁改为读写锁,并添加账户余额查询的功能,代码如下:- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
- import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
- /**
- public class Test {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- //创建并发访问的账户
- MyCount myCount = new MyCount("95599200901215522", 10000);
- //创建一个锁对象
- ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(false);
- //创建一个线程池
- ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
- //创建一些并发访问用户,一个信用卡,存的存,取的取,好热闹啊
- User u1 = new User("张三", myCount, -4000, lock, false);
- User u2 = new User("张三他爹", myCount, 6000, lock, false);
- User u3 = new User("张三他弟", myCount, -8000, lock, false);
- User u4 = new User("张三", myCount, 800, lock, false);
- User u5 = new User("张三他爹", myCount, 0, lock, true);
- //在线程池中执行各个用户的操作
- pool.execute(u1);
- pool.execute(u2);
- pool.execute(u3);
- pool.execute(u4);
- pool.execute(u5);
- //关闭线程池
- pool.shutdown();
- }
- }
- /**
- class User implements Runnable {
- private String name; //用户名
- private MyCount myCount; //所要操作的账户
- private int iocash; //操作的金额,当然有正负之分了
- private ReadWriteLock myLock; //执行操作所需的锁对象
- private boolean ischeck; //是否查询
- User(String name, MyCount myCount, int iocash, ReadWriteLock myLock, boolean ischeck) {
- this.name = name;
- this.myCount = myCount;
- this.iocash = iocash;
- this.myLock = myLock;
- this.ischeck = ischeck;
- }
- public void run() {
- if (ischeck) {
- //获取读锁
- myLock.readLock().lock();
- System.out.println("读:" + name + "正在查询" + myCount + "账户,当前金额为" + myCount.getCash());
- //释放读锁
- myLock.readLock().unlock();
- } else {
- //获取写锁
- myLock.writeLock().lock();
- //执行现金业务
- System.out.println("写:" + name + "正在操作" + myCount + "账户,金额为" + iocash +",当前金额为" + myCount.getCash());
- myCount.setCash(myCount.getCash() + iocash);
- System.out.println("写:" + name + "操作" + myCount + "账户成功,金额为" + iocash +",当前金额为" + myCount.getCash());
- //释放写锁
- myLock.writeLock().unlock();
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- class MyCount {
- private String oid; //账号
- private int cash; //账户余额
- MyCount(String oid, int cash) {
- this.oid = oid;
- this.cash = cash;
- }
- public String getOid() {
- return oid;
- }
- public void setOid(String oid) {
- this.oid = oid;
- }
- public int getCash() {
- return cash;
- }
- public void setCash(int cash) {
- this.cash = cash;
- }
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "MyCount{" +
- "oid='" + oid + '\'' +
- ", cash=" + cash +
- '}';
- }
- }
- 写:张三正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=10000}账户,金额为-4000,当前金额为10000
- 写:张三操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=6000}账户成功,金额为-4000,当前金额为6000
- 写:张三他弟正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=6000}账户,金额为-8000,当前金额为6000
- 写:张三他弟操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=-2000}账户成功,金额为-8000,当前金额为-2000
- 写:张三正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=-2000}账户,金额为800,当前金额为-2000
- 写:张三操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=-1200}账户成功,金额为800,当前金额为-1200
- 读:张三他爹正在查询MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=-1200}账户,当前金额为-1200
- 写:张三他爹正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=-1200}账户,金额为6000,当前金额为-1200
- 写:张三他爹操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=4800}账户成功,金额为6000,当前金额为4800
- Process finished with exit code 0