本文详细解析了OGNL（Object-Graph Navigation Language）在Java环境中如何解析表达式并从对象中获取数据的过程。从创建对象、设置属性，到使用OGNL的getValue方法获取对象属性值，深入分析了其内部执行流程，包括表达式的解析、上下文环境的创建、属性访问器的获取等关键步骤。
《刨根问底--action属性赋值过程分析》概要的分析了action赋值的需要通过ognl，由于前面的文章中没有分析过ognl，如果上来直接分析struts2是怎么使用，嘿嘿，相信没有看过ognl的人，直接晕掉。这篇文章就先舍去struts2，单独来分析ognl。
测试用例：
import ognl.Ognl;
import ognl.OgnlException;
public class OgnlTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
/* 创建一个Person对象 */
Person person = new Person();
person.setName("zhangsan");
try
{
/* 从person对象中获取name属性的值 */
//parseExpression(expression)
// Ognl.setValue(expression, person, "zhangsan");
String expression = "name";
Object value = Ognl.getValue(expression, person);
System.out.println(value);
}
catch (OgnlException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class Person
{
private String name;
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
}注释：这个类中简单的几行代码包含了ognl获取数据的代码和设置数据的代码。现在重点分析获取数据，设置数据后面的文章分析。
（1）创建了一个Person对象，并且设置属性name为zhangsan
（2）Ognl.getValue（）获取person对象中name对应的值
下面贴出整个流程图：
1、Ognl.getValue(expression, person)代码：
public static Object getValue( String expression, Object root ) throws OgnlException
{
return getValue( expression, root, null );
}
2、getValue( expression, root, null )代码：
public static Object getValue( String expression, Object root, Class resultType ) throws OgnlException
{
return getValue( parseExpression(expression), root, resultType );
}
public static Object parseExpression( String expression ) throws OgnlException
{
try {
OgnlParser parser = new OgnlParser( new StringReader(expression) );
return parser.topLevelExpression();
}
。。。
}
3、getValue( parseExpression(expression), root, resultType )代码：
public static Object getValue( Object tree, Object root, Class resultType ) throws OgnlException
{
return getValue( tree, createDefaultContext(root), root, resultType );
}
3.1createDefaultContext(root)代码：
public static Map createDefaultContext( Object root )
{
return addDefaultContext( root, null, null, null, new OgnlContext() );
}
3.2 addDefaultContext( root, null, null, null, new OgnlContext() )代码：
public static Map addDefaultContext( Object root, ClassResolver classResolver, TypeConverter converter, MemberAccess memberAccess, Map context )
{
OgnlContext result;
if (!(context instanceof OgnlContext)) {
result = new OgnlContext();
result.setValues(context);
} else {
result = (OgnlContext)context;
}
if (classResolver != null) {
result.setClassResolver(classResolver);
}
if (converter != null) {
result.setTypeConverter(converter);
}
if (memberAccess != null) {
result.setMemberAccess(memberAccess);
}
result.setRoot(root);
return result;
}（2）把root设置到result 中，root是person对象。
到这里其实复杂的逻辑没有，但是很重要，到这里，前面的几步主要是准备了ognl的三要素：
(1).expression 求值表达式——首先会被解析成对象树：tree
(2).rootobject 根对象——默认的操作对象：root
(3).context OGNL执行环境——OGNL执行的上下文环境：createDefaultContext(root)
4、getValue( tree, createDefaultContext(root), root, resultType ) 代码：
public static Object getValue( Object tree, Map context, Object root, Class resultType ) throws OgnlException
{
Object result;
OgnlContext ognlContext = (OgnlContext)addDefaultContext(root, context);
result = ((Node)tree).getValue( ognlContext, root );
if (resultType != null) {
result = getTypeConverter( context ).convertValue( context, root, null, null, result, resultType);
}
return result;
}注释：（1）(OgnlContext)addDefaultContext(root, context)获取ognl上下文，请参照步骤3.2
（3）tree是SimpleNode类型，根据ognl上下文和root对象，获取值
5、SimpleNode.java --getValue()代码：
public final Object getValue( OgnlContext context, Object source ) throws OgnlException
{
if (context.getTraceEvaluations()) {
EvaluationPool pool = OgnlRuntime.getEvaluationPool();
Object result = null;
Throwable evalException = null;
Evaluation evaluation = pool.create(this, source);
context.pushEvaluation(evaluation);
try {
result = evaluateGetValueBody(context, source);
} catch (OgnlException ex) {
evalException = ex;
throw ex;
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
evalException = ex;
throw ex;
} finally {
Evaluation eval = context.popEvaluation();
eval.setResult(result);
if (evalException != null) {
eval.setException(evalException);
}
if ((evalException == null) && (context.getRootEvaluation() == null) && !context.getKeepLastEvaluation()) {
pool.recycleAll(eval);
}
}
return result;
} else {
return evaluateGetValueBody(context, source);
}
}那就直接看evaluateGetValueBody(context, source)方法：
6、evaluateGetValueBody(context, source)代码：
protected Object evaluateGetValueBody( OgnlContext context, Object source ) throws OgnlException
{
Object result;
context.setCurrentObject(source);
context.setCurrentNode(this);
if (!constantValueCalculated) {
constantValueCalculated = true;
hasConstantValue = isConstant(context);
if (hasConstantValue) {
constantValue = getValueBody(context, source);
}
}
return hasConstantValue ? constantValue : getValueBody(context, source);
}（2）constantValueCalculated表示当前的节点是否计算过值，如果没有计算过，则设置constantValueCalculated=true，hasConstantValue表示当前的节点是否保存了值，isConstant(context)简单的反回了fanse。
public boolean isConstant( OgnlContext context ) throws OgnlException
{
return isNodeConstant(context);
}
/**
Returns true iff this node is constant without respect to the children.
*/
public boolean isNodeConstant( OgnlContext context ) throws OgnlException
{
return false;
}7、ASTProperty.java中getValueBody（）代码：
protected Object getValueBody( OgnlContext context, Object source ) throws OgnlException
{
Object result,
property = getProperty(context, source);
Node indexSibling;
result = OgnlRuntime.getProperty( context, source, property );
if (result == null) {
result = OgnlRuntime.getNullHandler(OgnlRuntime.getTargetClass(source)).nullPropertyValue(context, source, property);
}
return result;
}（2）OgnlRuntime.getProperty( context, source, property )获取和属性property想对应的值
8、OgnlRuntime.getProperty( context, source, property )代码：
public static final Object getProperty( OgnlContext context, Object source, Object name ) throws OgnlException
{
PropertyAccessor accessor;
if (source == null) {
throw new OgnlException("source is null for getProperty(null, \"" + name + "\")");
}
if ((accessor = getPropertyAccessor(getTargetClass(source))) == null) {
throw new OgnlException("No property accessor for " + getTargetClass(source).getName());
}
return accessor.getProperty( context, source, name );
}（2）accessor = getPropertyAccessor(getTargetClass(source))获取属性访问器对象，然后调用属性访问器的getProperty方法获取值。先看看属性访问器是怎么获得？
8.1getTargetClass(source)代码：
public static Class getTargetClass(Object o)
{
return (o == null) ? null : ((o instanceof Class) ? (Class)o : o.getClass());
}注释：获取target所对应的class，返回结果是：class Person
8.2getPropertyAccessor(getTargetClass(source)代码：
private static ClassCache propertyAccessors = new ClassCache();public static final PropertyAccessor getPropertyAccessor( Class cls ) throws OgnlException
{
PropertyAccessor answer = (PropertyAccessor)getHandler( cls, propertyAccessors );
if ( answer != null )
return answer;
throw new OgnlException( "No property accessor for class " + cls );
} private static final Object getHandler( Class forClass, ClassCache handlers )
{
Object answer = null;
synchronized(handlers) {
if ((answer = handlers.get(forClass)) == null)
{
Class keyFound;
if (forClass.isArray())
{
answer = handlers.get(Object[].class);
keyFound = null;
}
else
{
keyFound = forClass;
outer:
for ( Class c = forClass; c != null; c = c.getSuperclass() )
{
answer = handlers.get(c);
if ( answer == null )
{
Class[] interfaces = c.getInterfaces();
for ( int index=0, count=interfaces.length; index < count; ++index )
{
Class iface = interfaces[index];
answer = handlers.get(iface);
if (answer == null)
{
/* Try super-interfaces */
answer = getHandler(iface, handlers);
}
if ( answer != null )
{
keyFound = iface;
break outer;
}
}
}
else
{
keyFound = c;
break;
}
}
}
if ( answer != null )
{
if ( keyFound != forClass )
{
handlers.put( forClass, answer );
}
}
}
}
return answer;
}
注释：（1）getPropertyAccessor（）方法调用getHandler( cls, propertyAccessors )，参数cls就是上面获取的class Person，propertyAccessors是OgnlRuntime类声明的静态变量。
（2）getHandler（）方法首先在handlers查找时候有和class Person对象的属性访问器，如果有直接返回。
（3）重要的代码是for循环，首先查看当前的class在handlers是否有相应的值，如果没有获取当前calss的实现的接口，在查看这些接口是否有相应的值。
如果上面都没有找到，获取父类对象，然后再次遍历。
参数cls就是上面获取的class Person，没有实现别的接口，也没有继承其他的类。那属性访问器是怎么获得呢？
所有的类都会继承object，handlers保存了和object相对的属性访问器了。那这个属性访问器是什么时候添加进来的呢？
请看OgnlRuntime类中的静态方法
static
{
PropertyAccessor p = new ArrayPropertyAccessor();
setPropertyAccessor( Object.class, new ObjectPropertyAccessor() );
setPropertyAccessor( byte[].class, p );
setPropertyAccessor( short[].class, p );
setPropertyAccessor( char[].class, p );
setPropertyAccessor( int[].class, p );
setPropertyAccessor( long[].class, p );
setPropertyAccessor( float[].class, p );
setPropertyAccessor( double[].class, p );
setPropertyAccessor( Object[].class, p );
setPropertyAccessor( List.class, new ListPropertyAccessor() );
setPropertyAccessor( Map.class, new MapPropertyAccessor() );
setPropertyAccessor( Set.class, new SetPropertyAccessor() );
setPropertyAccessor( Iterator.class, new IteratorPropertyAccessor() );
setPropertyAccessor( Enumeration.class, new EnumerationPropertyAccessor() );
。。。。
}9、ObjectPropertyAccessor类中getProperty( context, source, name )代码：
public Object getProperty( Map context, Object target, Object oname ) throws OgnlException
{
Object result = null;
String name = oname.toString();
if ((result = getPossibleProperty(context, target, name)) == OgnlRuntime.NotFound) {
throw new NoSuchPropertyException(target, name);
}
return result;
} public Object getPossibleProperty( Map context, Object target, String name) throws OgnlException
{
Object result;
OgnlContext ognlContext = (OgnlContext)context;
try {
if ((result = OgnlRuntime.getMethodValue(ognlContext, target, name, true)) == OgnlRuntime.NotFound) {
result = OgnlRuntime.getFieldValue(ognlContext, target, name, true);
}
} catch (IntrospectionException ex) {
throw new OgnlException(name, ex);
} catch (OgnlException ex) {
throw ex;
} catch (Exception ex) {
throw new OgnlException(name, ex);
}
return result;
}10、重点分析一下OgnlRuntime.getMethodValue(ognlContext, target, name, true)
public static final Object getMethodValue(OgnlContext context, Object target, String propertyName, boolean checkAccessAndExistence) throws OgnlException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, IntrospectionException
{
Object result = null;
Method m = getGetMethod(context, (target == null) ? null : target.getClass(), propertyName);
if (checkAccessAndExistence) {
if ((m == null) || !context.getMemberAccess().isAccessible(context, target, m, propertyName)) {
result = NotFound;
}
}
if (result == null) {
if (m != null)
{
try
{
result = invokeMethod(target, m, NoArguments);
}
catch (InvocationTargetException ex)
{
throw new OgnlException(propertyName, ex.getTargetException());
}
} else {
throw new NoSuchMethodException(propertyName);
}
}
return result;
}（2）如果获取的get方法不为空，则通过java反射执行该方法。也就是调用了person中的getName（）方法获取值，其实到这里就分析完成了。后面分析一下getGetMethod是怎么获取相应的方法的。
11、getGetMethod（）代码：
public static final Method getGetMethod(OgnlContext context, Class targetClass, String propertyName) throws IntrospectionException, OgnlException
{
Method result = null;
PropertyDescriptor pd = getPropertyDescriptor(targetClass, propertyName);
if (pd == null) {
List methods = getDeclaredMethods(targetClass, propertyName, false /* find 'get' methods */);
if (methods != null) {
for (int i = 0, icount = methods.size(); i < icount; i++) {
Method m = (Method)methods.get(i);
Class[] mParameterTypes = getParameterTypes(m);
if (mParameterTypes.length == 0) {
result = m;
break;
}
}
}
} else {
result = pd.getReadMethod();
}
return result;
}注释：（1）getPropertyDescriptor获取和属性name相关的方法，并且保存到PropertyDescriptor对象中。
PropertyDescriptor类表示JavaBean类通过存储器导出一个属性。主要方法：
<1、getPropertyType()，获得属性的Class对象。
<2、getReadMethod()，获得用于读取属性值的方法；getWriteMethod()，获得用于写入属性值的方法。
<3、hashCode()，获取对象的哈希值。
<4、setReadMethod(Method readMethod)，设置用于读取属性值的方法；setWriteMethod(MethodwriteMethod)，设置用于写入属性值的方法；
(2)PropertyDescriptor获取对象后，如果不为空则调用pd.getReadMethod()方法：
public synchronized Method getReadMethod() {
Method readMethod = getReadMethod0();
if (readMethod == null) {
Class cls = getClass0();
if (cls == null || (readMethodName == null && readMethodRef == null)) {
// The read method was explicitly set to null.
return null;
}
if (readMethodName == null) {
Class type = getPropertyType0();
if (type == boolean.class || type == null) {
readMethodName = "is" + getBaseName();
} else {
readMethodName = "get" + getBaseName();
}
}
// Since there can be multiple write methods but only one getter
// method, find the getter method first so that you know what the
// property type is. For booleans, there can be "is" and "get"
// methods. If an "is" method exists, this is the official
// reader method so look for this one first.
readMethod = Introspector.findMethod(cls, readMethodName, 0);
if (readMethod == null) {
readMethodName = "get" + getBaseName();
readMethod = Introspector.findMethod(cls, readMethodName, 0);
}
try {
setReadMethod(readMethod);
} catch (IntrospectionException ex) {
// fall
}
}
return readMethod;
} private Method getReadMethod0() {
return (Method)getObject(readMethodRef);
} 
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