模板模式通常又叫模板方法模式(Template MethodPattern)是指定义一个算法的骨架,并允许子类为一个或者多个步骤提供实现。
模板方法使得子类可以在不改变算法结构的情况下,重新定义算法的某些步骤。
属于行为性设计模式
适用场景: 1 一次性实现一个算法的不变的部分,并将可变的行为留给子类来实现。
2 各子类中公共的行为被提取出来并集中到一个公共的父类中,从而避免代码重复。
优点: 1 提高代码的复用性
2 提高代码的扩展性
3 符合开闭原则
缺点: 1 类数目的增加
2 间接地增加了系统实现的复杂度
3 继承关系自身缺点,如果父类添加新的抽象方法,所有子类都要改一遍
/** * 模板会有一个或者多个未现实方法, * 而且这几个未实现方法有固定的执行循序 */ public abstract class NetworkCourse { protected final void createCourse(){ //1、发布预习资料 this.postPreResource(); //2、制作PPT课件 this.createPPT(); //3、在线直播 this.liveVideo(); //4、提交课件、课堂笔记 this.postNote(); //5、提交源码 this.postSource(); //6、布置作业,有些课是没有作业,有些课是有作业的 //如果有作业的话,检查作业,如果没作业,完成了 if(needHomework()){ checkHomework(); } } abstract void checkHomework(); //钩子方法:实现流程的微调 protected boolean needHomework(){return false;} final void postSource(){ System.out.println("提交源代码"); } final void postNote(){ System.out.println("提交课件和笔记"); } final void liveVideo(){ System.out.println("直播授课"); } final void createPPT(){ System.out.println("创建备课PPT"); } final void postPreResource(){ System.out.println("分发预习资料"); } }
public class JavaCourse extends NetworkCourse { void checkHomework() { System.out.println("检查Java的架构课件"); } }
public class BigDataCourse extends NetworkCourse { private boolean needHomeworkFlag = false; public BigDataCourse(boolean needHomeworkFlag) { this.needHomeworkFlag = needHomeworkFlag; } void checkHomework() { System.out.println("检查大数据的课后作业"); } @Override protected boolean needHomework() { return this.needHomeworkFlag; } }
public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("---Java架构师课程---"); NetworkCourse javaCourse = new JavaCourse(); javaCourse.createCourse(); System.out.println("---大数据课程---"); NetworkCourse bigDataCourse = new BigDataCourse(true); bigDataCourse.createCourse(); }
JDBC:
public interface RowMapper<T> { T mapRow(ResultSet rs,int rowNum) throws Exception; }
public abstract class JdbcTemplate { private DataSource dataSource; public JdbcTemplate(DataSource dataSource) { this.dataSource = dataSource; } public List<?> executeQuery(String sql, RowMapper<?> rowMapper, Object[] values){ try { //1、获取连接 Connection conn = this.getConnection(); //2、创建语句集 PreparedStatement pstm = this.createPrepareStatement(conn,sql); //3、执行语句集 ResultSet rs = this.executeQuery(pstm,values); //4、处理结果集 List<?> result = this.paresResultSet(rs,rowMapper); //5、关闭结果集 this.closeResultSet(rs); //6、关闭语句集 this.closeStatement(pstm); //7、关闭连接 this.closeConnection(conn); return result; }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } protected void closeConnection(Connection conn) throws Exception { //数据库连接池,我们不是关闭 conn.close(); } protected void closeStatement(PreparedStatement pstm) throws Exception { pstm.close(); } protected void closeResultSet(ResultSet rs) throws Exception { rs.close(); } protected List<?> paresResultSet(ResultSet rs, RowMapper<?> rowMapper) throws Exception { List<Object> result = new ArrayList<Object>(); int rowNum = 1; while (rs.next()){ result.add(rowMapper.mapRow(rs,rowNum ++)); } return result; } protected ResultSet executeQuery(PreparedStatement pstm, Object[] values) throws Exception { for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) { pstm.setObject(i,values[i]); } return pstm.executeQuery(); } protected PreparedStatement createPrepareStatement(Connection conn, String sql) throws Exception { return conn.prepareStatement(sql); } public Connection getConnection() throws Exception { return this.dataSource.getConnection(); } }
public class Member { private String username; private String password; private String nickname; private int age; private String addr; public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public String getNickname() { return nickname; } public void setNickname(String nickname) { this.nickname = nickname; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public String getAddr() { return addr; } public void setAddr(String addr) { this.addr = addr; } }
public class MemberDao extends JdbcTemplate { public MemberDao(DataSource dataSource) { super(dataSource); } public List<?> selectAll(){ String sql = "select * from t_member"; return super.executeQuery(sql, new RowMapper<Member>() { @Override public Member mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws Exception { Member member = new Member(); //字段过多,原型模式 member.setUsername(rs.getString("username")); member.setPassword(rs.getString("password")); member.setAge(rs.getInt("age")); member.setAddr(rs.getString("addr")); return member; } },null); } }
public static void main(String[] args) { MemberDao memberDao = new MemberDao(null); List<?> result = memberDao.selectAll(); System.out.println(result); }
源码: AbstractList 的
abstract public E get(int index);
GenericServlet的
public abstract void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
BaseExecutor的
protected abstract int doUpdate(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter) throws SQLException; protected abstract List<BatchResult> doFlushStatements(boolean isRollback) throws SQLException; protected abstract <E> List<E> doQuery(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException; protected abstract <E> Cursor<E> doQueryCursor(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException;