Linux下yum安装MySQL yum安装MySQL指定版本
yum 安装MySQL
1. 检查安装情况
查看有没有安装过:
yum list installed MySQL* (有存在要卸载yum remove MySQL*)
rpm -qa | grep mysql*
查看有没有安装包:
yum list mysql*
2. 安装 MySQL
安装 MySQL 客户端:
yum -y install mysql
安装 MySQL
服务器端:
yum -y install mysql-server mysql-devel
3. 配置和启动
数据库字符集设置:
MySQL 配置文件/etc/my.cnf中加入default-character-set=utf8
启动 MySQL 服务:
service mysqld start或者/etc/init.d/mysqld start
设置开机启动:
添加开机启动:chkconfig –add mysqld;
开机启动:chkconfig mysqld on;
查看开机启动设置是否成功chkconfig –list | grep mysql* mysqld 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭停止:
停止 MySQL 服务:
service mysqld stop
4. MySQL 登陆等权限设置
登录 MySQL 数据库:
mysq -u root password 123456
首次使用创建root管理员和密码:
(mysql -u root -p输入密码即可?)
mysql -u root;
use mysql ;
update user set password=password(“123456”) where user=”root”;
flush privileges;
忘记密码:
service mysqld stop;
mysqld_safe –user=root –skip-grant-tables;
这一步骤执行的时候不会出现新的命令行,你需要重新打开一个窗口执行下面的命令
mysql -u root;
use mysql ;
update user set password=password(“123456”) where user=”root”;
flush privileges;
授权用户可以从远程登陆
grant all PRIVILEGES on . to
root
@’%’ identified by ‘pwd123
‘;
flush privileges ;
5. 远程访问,开放防火墙的端口号 MySQL
一般开发测试我直接把防火墙关闭,生产的开发对应端口即可:
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
su
root
service iptables stop
#关闭防火墙
service iptables status
#验证是否关闭
chkconfig iptables off
#关闭防火墙的开机自动运行
chkconfig –list |
grep
iptables
#验证防火墙的开机自动运行
vim
/etc/sysconfig/selinux
# 禁用selinux,将SELINUX=disabled
|
6. Linux MySQL 的几个重要目录
数据库目录 /var/lib/mysql/
配置文件 /usr/share /mysql(mysql.server命令及配置文件)
相关命令 /usr/bin(mysqladmin mysqldump等命令)
启动脚本 /etc/rc.d/init.d/(启动脚本文件mysql的目录)
7. 删除 MySQL 数据库
如果使用的是 yum 安装的 mysql,需要删除的话,就使用如下命令:
yum -y remove mysql*
然后将 /var/lib/mysql文件夹下的所有文件都删除干净,
最后再重新执行上面的安装步骤。
默认yum只能安装mysql 5.1,我们可以自己配置通过yum安装5.6或者其他版本。
1. 查看系统里面有没有mysql 的repo(可以参考上面第一步卸载)
yum repolist all | grep mysql
2. 如果没有发现,则需要配置repo
只能有一个是 enabled=1的,其他的都得enabled=0。
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
输入如下内容
[mysql-connectors-community]
name=MySQL Connectors Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-connectors-community/el/6/$basearch/<br style="background-color:inherit;">enabled=1<br style="background-color:inherit;">gpgcheck=1<br style="background-color:inherit;">gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql<br style="background-color:inherit;"><br style="background-color:inherit;">[mysql-tools-community]<br style="background-color:inherit;">name=MySQL Tools Community<br style="background-color:inherit;">baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
# Enable to use MySQL 5.5
[mysql55-community]
name=MySQL 5.5 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.5-community/el/6/$basearch/<br style="background-color:inherit;">enabled=0<br style="background-color:inherit;">gpgcheck=1<br style="background-color:inherit;">gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql<br style="background-color:inherit;"><br style="background-color:inherit;"># Enable to use MySQL 5.6<br style="background-color:inherit;">[mysql56-community]<br style="background-color:inherit;">name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server<br style="background-color:inherit;">baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
# Note: MySQL 5.7 is currently in development. For use at your own risk.
# Please read with sub pages: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/
[mysql57-community-dmr]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server Development Milestone Release
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
yum repolist enabled | grep mysql
可以看到已经有了。
4. 签名
vim /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
写入如下内容
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----5. 安装
Version: GnuPG v1.4.9 (SunOS)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=443I
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
yum install mysql-community-server -y
6. 启动
service mysqld start
其他操作可以参考上面第一节的介绍。
参考