Spock

Specification

class MyFirstSpec extend Specification{
// ...
}

Field

实例字段在feature方法中不共享，每个feature方法中都会重复创建。如果需要共享实例对象，使用@Share注解。

Fixture Methods

def setupSpec() {} // 只执行一次，在第一个`feature`方法前执行
def setup() {} // 在每个`feature`方法前执行
def cleanup() {} // 在每个`feature`方法后执行
def cleanupSpec() {} // 只执行一次，在最后一个`feature`方法执行完后

Feature Methods

def "here is some descriptive info"() {
  // blocks
}

组成：

1. 设置约束
2. 在特定约定下给系统提供激励
3. 描述期望来自系统的响应
4. 清理约束

Blocks

即feature方法中每一个步骤对应的代码块和标签。包括：given, when, then', expect, cleanup, where

Given Blocks

given:
def stack = new Stack()
def elem = 'push me'

When and Then Blocks

when:
then:

Conditions

when:
stack.push(elem)

then:
!stack.empty
stack.size() == 1
stack.peak() == elem

Exception Conditions

when:
stack.pop()

then:
thron(EmptyStackException)
stack.empty

when:
stack.pop()

then:
def e = thrown(EmptyStackException)
e.cause == null

when:
stack.pop()

then:
EmptyStackException e = thrown()
e.cause == null

def "HashMap accepts null key"() {
  given:
  def map = new HashMap()
  
  when:
  map.put(null, "elem")
  
  then:
  notThrown(NullPointerException)
}

Expect Blocks

expect从语义上来说，比then的限定要强，如下两段代码是等价的。

when:
def x = Math.max(1, 2)

then:
x == 2

expect:
Math.max(1, 2) == 2

Cleanup Blocks

given:
def file = new File("/some/path")
file.createNewFile()

//...

cleanup:
file?.delete()

Where Blocks

where块通常处于方法的最后，不可重复执行，用于数据驱动测试

def "computing the maximum of two numbers"() {
  expect:
  Math.max(a, b) == c
  
  where:
  a << [5, 3]
  b << [1, 9]
  c << [5, 9]
}

Helper Methods

没什么好写的。。。

Using with for expecations

``与用Helper方法不同，使用with语句块不需要显式断言。

def "offered PC matches preferred configuration"() {
  when:
  def pc = shop.buyPc()

  then:
  with(pc) {
    vendor == "Sunny"
    clockRate >= 2333
    ram >= 406
    os == "Linux"
  }
}

Using verifyAll to assert multiple expectations together

可以使用verifyAll对每一个语句做断言检查，即不会因为中途某一个断言失败而直接退出，也叫软断言。

def "offered PC matches preferred configuration"() {
  when:
  def pc = shop.buyPc()

  then:
  verifyAll(pc) {
    vendor == "Sunny"
    clockRate >= 2333
    ram >= 406
    os == "Linux"
  }
}

Specifications as Documentation

规格说明即文档

given: "open a database connection"
// code goes here

Extensions

-[] TODO

Data Driven Testing

Data Tables

class MathSpec extends Specification {
  def "maximum of two numbers"() {
    expect:
    Math.max(a, b) == c

    where:
    a | b || c
    1 | 3 || 3
    7 | 4 || 7
    0 | 0 || 0
  }
}

使用@Unroll注解让每一条数据都有测试报告

Data Pipes

...
where:
a << [1, 7, 0]
b << [3, 4, 0]
c << [3, 7, 0]

使用数据管道， <<右侧接收一个实现了Iterable接口的类型作为data provider

Multi-Variable Data Pipes

@Shared sql = Sql.newInstance("jdbc:h2:mem:", "org.h2.Driver")

def "maximum of two numbers"() {
  expect:
  Math.max(a, b) == c

  where:
  [a, b, c] << sql.rows("select a, b, c from maxdata")
}

Interaction Based Testing

基于交互的测试着重于对象的行为，而不是对象的状态。 通过特定的交互动作，如方法调用来观察对象的行为，以及它们协作的表现。

基于交互的测试会依赖mock对象来完成测试工作。

def "should send messages to all subscribers"() {
  when:
  publisher.send("hello")

  then:
  1 * subscriber.receive("hello")
  1 * subscriber2.receive("hello")
}

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/xiaojintao/blog/3094615