Ubuntu 16.04 parted 对 GPT 格式硬盘 (12 TB) 分区

Ubuntu 16.04 parted 对 GPT 格式硬盘 (12 TB) 分区

1. sudo fdisk -l

strong@foreverstrong:~$ fdisk -l
fdisk: cannot open /dev/loop1: Permission denied
fdisk: cannot open /dev/loop2: Permission denied
fdisk: cannot open /dev/loop3: Permission denied
fdisk: cannot open /dev/loop4: Permission denied
fdisk: cannot open /dev/loop5: Permission denied
fdisk: cannot open /dev/loop6: Permission denied
fdisk: cannot open /dev/loop7: Permission denied
fdisk: cannot open /dev/sda: Permission denied
fdisk: cannot open /dev/sdb: Permission denied
fdisk: cannot open /dev/loop8: Permission denied
fdisk: cannot open /dev/loop9: Permission denied
fdisk: cannot open /dev/loop10: Permission denied
fdisk: cannot open /dev/loop11: Permission denied
fdisk: cannot open /dev/loop12: Permission denied
fdisk: cannot open /dev/sdc: Permission denied
strong@foreverstrong:~$ 
strong@foreverstrong:~$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for strong: 
Disk /dev/loop1: 4.2 MiB, 4403200 bytes, 8600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop2: 160.2 MiB, 167931904 bytes, 327992 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop3: 4.2 MiB, 4403200 bytes, 8600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop4: 54.7 MiB, 57294848 bytes, 111904 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop5: 54.7 MiB, 57294848 bytes, 111904 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop6: 44.2 MiB, 46325760 bytes, 90480 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop7: 140.7 MiB, 147501056 bytes, 288088 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 02D8963C-32B7-44B4-AD89-432B577BA326

Device        Start        End    Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sda1      2048    2000895    1998848  976M Linux filesystem
/dev/sda2   2000896   66000895   64000000 30.5G Linux swap
/dev/sda3  66000896 1953523711 1887522816  900G Linux filesystem


Disk /dev/sdb: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: ABA07FFE-B957-4A2C-B228-22D2C7DEB439

Device          Start        End   Sectors   Size Type
/dev/sdb1        2048     206847    204800   100M EFI System
/dev/sdb2      206848     468991    262144   128M Microsoft reserved
/dev/sdb3      468992  536872959 536403968 255.8G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sdb4   536872960 1342179327 805306368   384G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sdb5  1342179328 1953523711 611344384 291.5G Microsoft basic data


Disk /dev/loop8: 156.7 MiB, 164290560 bytes, 320880 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop9: 44.9 MiB, 47063040 bytes, 91920 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop10: 91.3 MiB, 95748096 bytes, 187008 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop11: 140.7 MiB, 147501056 bytes, 288088 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop12: 91.4 MiB, 95805440 bytes, 187120 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdc: 10.9 TiB, 12000138625024 bytes, 23437770752 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2052474d
strong@foreverstrong:~$ 

2. Disks -> 12 TB Hard Disk - /dev/sdc

在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述

3. + -> Create Partition

2.0 TB
在这里插入图片描述

3.0 TB
在这里插入图片描述

Error creating partition
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在这里插入图片描述

4. Error: partition length of 5859373056 sectors exceeds the msdos-partition-table-imposed maximum of 4294967295

全局唯一标识分区表 (GUID Partition Table,GPT) 是一个实体硬盘分区表的结构布局标准。

GPT 是可扩展固件接口 (Extensible Firmware Interface,EFI) 标准的一部分,被用于替代 BIOS 系统中的一 32bits 来存储逻辑块地址和大小信息的主引导记录 (Master Boot Record,MBR) 分区表。对于扇区为 512 字节的磁盘,MBR 分区表不支持容量大于 2.2 TB 的分区。GPT 分配 64bits 给逻辑块地址,对于每个扇区大小为 512 字节的磁盘,可以有 9.4 ZB 或 8 ZiB 个 512 字节。

在 MBR 硬盘中,分区信息直接存储于主引导记录 (Master Boot Record,MBR) 中 (主引导记录中还存储着系统的引导程序)。但在 GPT 硬盘中,分区表的位置信息储存在 GPT 头中。出于兼容性考虑,硬盘的第一个扇区仍然用作 MBR,之后才是 GPT 头。

  • 如果需要分区大于 2.2 TB,则需要使用磁盘的全局唯一标识分区表 (GUID Partition Table,GPT) 格式重新建立 GPT 分区表 (parted) mklabel gpt
  • fdisk 分区最大能到 2.2 TB。fdisk 命令针对 MBR 分区进行操作,MBR 分区因为自身设计原因,不能处理大于 2.2 TB 的硬盘。
  • 如果需要分区大于 2.2 TB,则需要使用 parted 来分区。
  • GPT 磁盘没有四个主分区的限制。
  • Partition Table: msdos 必须修改为 (parted) mklabel gpt
strong@foreverstrong:~$ sudo parted /dev/sdc 
[sudo] password for strong: 
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) print                                                            
Model: ATA ST12000NM0008-2H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 12.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End  Size  Type  File system  Flags

(parted)                                                                  
(parted) mkpart primary 0TB 3TB                                           
Error: partition length of 5859373056 sectors exceeds the msdos-partition-table-imposed maximum of
4294967295
(parted)                                                                  
(parted) quit
strong@foreverstrong:~$ 

sudo parted /dev/sdc - 使用 parted 为 /dev/sdc 分区
(parted) print - 查看硬盘详情,打印当前分区
(parted) mklabel gpt - 建立 gpt 分区表,将分区设置成 gpt 格式
(parted) mkpart primary 0TB 3TB - 建立主分区,从 0TB 到 3TB

strong@foreverstrong:~$ sudo parted /dev/sdc 
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) print                                                            
Model: ATA ST12000NM0008-2H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 12.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End  Size  Type  File system  Flags

(parted)                                                                  
(parted) mklabel gpt
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdc will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost.
Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? Yes                                                               
(parted)                                                                  
(parted) print                                                            
Model: ATA ST12000NM0008-2H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 12.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  Flags

(parted)                                                                  
(parted) mkpart primary 0TB 3TB                                           
(parted)                                                                  
(parted) print                                                            
Model: ATA ST12000NM0008-2H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 12.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  3000GB  3000GB               primary

(parted)                                                                  
(parted) mkpart extended 3TB 6TB
(parted)                                                                  
(parted) print
Model: ATA ST12000NM0008-2H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 12.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name      Flags
 1      1049kB  3000GB  3000GB               primary
 2      3000GB  6000GB  3000GB               extended

(parted)                                                                  
(parted) mkpart extended 6TB 9TB                                      
(parted)                                                                  
(parted) print                                                            
Model: ATA ST12000NM0008-2H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 12.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name      Flags
 1      1049kB  3000GB  3000GB               primary
 2      3000GB  6000GB  3000GB               extended
 3      6000GB  9000GB  3000GB               extended

(parted)                                                                  
(parted) mkpart extended 9TB 12TB                                     
(parted)                                                                  
(parted) print
Model: ATA ST12000NM0008-2H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 12.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name      Flags
 1      1049kB  3000GB  3000GB               primary
 2      3000GB  6000GB  3000GB               extended
 3      6000GB  9000GB  3000GB               extended
 4      9000GB  12.0TB  3000GB               extended

(parted)

5. (parted) rm 4

(parted) print free - 检查硬盘空闲空间

(parted) print free                                                       
Model: ATA ST12000NM0008-2H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 12.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name      Flags
        17.4kB  1049kB  1031kB  Free Space
 1      1049kB  3000GB  3000GB               primary
 2      3000GB  6000GB  3000GB               extended
 3      6000GB  9000GB  3000GB               extended
 4      9000GB  12.0TB  3000GB               extended
        12.0TB  12.0TB  1032kB  Free Space

(parted)                                                                  
(parted) rm 4                                                             
(parted)                                                                  
(parted) print                                                            
Model: ATA ST12000NM0008-2H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 12.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name      Flags
 1      1049kB  3000GB  3000GB               primary
 2      3000GB  6000GB  3000GB               extended
 3      6000GB  9000GB  3000GB               extended

(parted)                                                                  
(parted) print free                                                      
Model: ATA ST12000NM0008-2H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 12.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name      Flags
        17.4kB  1049kB  1031kB  Free Space
 1      1049kB  3000GB  3000GB               primary
 2      3000GB  6000GB  3000GB               extended
 3      6000GB  9000GB  3000GB               extended
        9000GB  12.0TB  3000GB  Free Space

(parted)                                                                  
(parted) rm 3                                                             
(parted) rm 2                                                             
(parted) rm 1                                                             
(parted) 
(parted) print                                                            
Model: ATA ST12000NM0008-2H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 12.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  Flags

(parted) 

6. (parted) mkpart extended 9TB 100%

(parted) mkpart extended 9TB 100% - 将 9TB 后的剩余空间全部创建成一个扩展分区
(parted) quit - 退出

(parted) print                                                            
Model: ATA ST12000NM0008-2H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 12.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  Flags

(parted)                                                                  
(parted) mkpart primary 0 3TB
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? Cancel                                                     
(parted)                                                                  
(parted) print                                                            
Model: ATA ST12000NM0008-2H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 12.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  Flags

(parted)                                                                  
(parted) mkpart primary 0TB 3TB
(parted)                                                                  
(parted) print                                                            
Model: ATA ST12000NM0008-2H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 12.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  3000GB  3000GB               primary

(parted)                                                                  
(parted) mkpart extended 3TB 6TB
(parted)                                                                  
(parted) print                                                            
Model: ATA ST12000NM0008-2H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 12.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name      Flags
 1      1049kB  3000GB  3000GB               primary
 2      3000GB  6000GB  3000GB               extended

(parted)                                                                  
(parted) mkpart extended 6TB 9TB

(parted)                                                                  
(parted) print                                                            
Model: ATA ST12000NM0008-2H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 12.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name      Flags
 1      1049kB  3000GB  3000GB               primary
 2      3000GB  6000GB  3000GB               extended
 3      6000GB  9000GB  3000GB               extended

(parted)                                                                  
(parted) mkpart extended 9TB 100%
(parted)                                                                  
(parted) print
Model: ATA ST12000NM0008-2H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 12.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name      Flags
 1      1049kB  3000GB  3000GB               primary
 2      3000GB  6000GB  3000GB               extended
 3      6000GB  9000GB  3000GB               extended
 4      9000GB  12.0TB  3000GB               extended

(parted)                                                                  
(parted) print free                                                       
Model: ATA ST12000NM0008-2H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 12.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name      Flags
        17.4kB  1049kB  1031kB  Free Space
 1      1049kB  3000GB  3000GB               primary
 2      3000GB  6000GB  3000GB               extended
 3      6000GB  9000GB  3000GB               extended
 4      9000GB  12.0TB  3000GB               extended
        12.0TB  12.0TB  1032kB  Free Space

(parted)                                                                  
(parted)                                                                  
(parted) quit                                                             
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

strong@foreverstrong:~$

7. 格式化分区

mkfs.ntfs 使用 0 填充了所有存储单元。

strong@foreverstrong:~$ sudo parted /dev/sdc print
[sudo] password for strong: 
Model: ATA ST12000NM0008-2H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 12.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name      Flags
 1      1049kB  3000GB  3000GB  ntfs         primary
 2      3000GB  6000GB  3000GB               extended
 3      6000GB  9000GB  3000GB               extended
 4      9000GB  12.0TB  3000GB               extended

strong@foreverstrong:~$ 
strong@foreverstrong:~$ sudo mkfs.ntfs /dev/sdc1
Cluster size has been automatically set to 4096 bytes.
Initializing device with zeroes: 100% - Done.
Creating NTFS volume structures.
mkntfs completed successfully. Have a nice day.
strong@foreverstrong:~$ 
strong@foreverstrong:~$ sudo mkntfs -f /dev/sdc2
[sudo] password for strong: 
The partition start sector was not specified for /dev/sdc2 and the automatically determined value is too large (5859375104). It has been set to 0.
Cluster size has been automatically set to 4096 bytes.
To boot from a device, Windows needs the 'partition start sector', the 'sectors per track' and the 'number of heads' to be set.
Windows will not be able to boot from this device.
Creating NTFS volume structures.
mkntfs completed successfully. Have a nice day.
strong@foreverstrong:~$ 
strong@foreverstrong:~$ sudo mkntfs -f /dev/sdc3
The partition start sector was not specified for /dev/sdc3 and the automatically determined value is too large (11718750208). It has been set to 0.
Cluster size has been automatically set to 4096 bytes.
To boot from a device, Windows needs the 'partition start sector', the 'sectors per track' and the 'number of heads' to be set.
Windows will not be able to boot from this device.
Creating NTFS volume structures.
mkntfs completed successfully. Have a nice day.
strong@foreverstrong:~$ 
strong@foreverstrong:~$ sudo mkntfs -f /dev/sdc4
The partition start sector was not specified for /dev/sdc4 and the automatically determined value is too large (17578125312). It has been set to 0.
Cluster size has been automatically set to 4096 bytes.
To boot from a device, Windows needs the 'partition start sector', the 'sectors per track' and the 'number of heads' to be set.
Windows will not be able to boot from this device.
Creating NTFS volume structures.
mkntfs completed successfully. Have a nice day.
strong@foreverstrong:~$ 
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb3
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb4

快速格式化 - -f 参数

sudo mkntfs -f /dev/sdc1
sudo mkntfs -f /dev/sdc2
sudo mkntfs -f /dev/sdc3
sudo mkntfs -f /dev/sdc4

8. parted 命令

启动 parted,选择 /dev/sdc

strong@foreverstrong:~$ sudo parted
[sudo] password for strong: 
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) select /dev/sdc                                                  
Using /dev/sdc
(parted)     
(parted) quit
strong@foreverstrong:~$
strong@foreverstrong:~$ sudo parted /dev/sdc
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) help
  align-check TYPE N                        check partition N for TYPE(min|opt)
        alignment
  help [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on
        COMMAND
  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition
        table)
  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition
  name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
  print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table,
        available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular
        partition
  quit                                     exit program
  rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START
        and END
  resizepart NUMBER END                    resize partition NUMBER
  rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
  select DEVICE                            choose the device to edit
  disk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected device
  disk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected
        device
  set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition
        NUMBER
  unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
  version                                  display the version number and
        copyright information of GNU Parted
(parted) quit
strong@foreverstrong:~$

parted 允许用户创建主分区或拓展分区。创建这两种类型的分区的步骤一样,primary (主分区) 或 extended (扩展分区)。

strong@foreverstrong:~$ sudo parted -l
[sudo] password for strong: 
Model: ATA ST1000DM010-2EP1 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system     Name  Flags
 1      1049kB  1024MB  1023MB  ext4
 2      1024MB  33.8GB  32.8GB  linux-swap(v1)
 3      33.8GB  1000GB  966GB   ext4


Model: ATA ST1000DM010-2EP1 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size   File system  Name                          Flags
 1      1049kB  106MB   105MB  fat32        EFI system partition          boot, esp
 2      106MB   240MB   134MB               Microsoft reserved partition  msftres
 3      240MB   275GB   275GB  ntfs         Basic data partition          msftdata
 4      275GB   687GB   412GB  ntfs         Basic data partition          msftdata
 5      687GB   1000GB  313GB  ntfs         Basic data partition          msftdata


Model: ATA ST12000NM0008-2H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 12.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End  Size  Type  File system  Flags


strong@foreverstrong:~$
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