okhttp的流程图
1.对okhttpClient做初始化
2. 创建新的Call对象，
Call call = client.newCall(request);
public class OkHttpClient implements Cloneable, Call.Factory, WebSocket.Factory {
@Override
public Call newCall(Request request) {
return new RealCall(this, request, false /* for web socket */);
}
}RealCall实现了Call.Factory接口创建了一个RealCall的实例
final class RealCall implements Call {
@Override
public void enqueue(Callback responseCallback) {
synchronized (this) {
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
executed = true;
}
captureCallStackTrace();
client.dispatcher().enqueue(new AsyncCall(responseCallback));
}
}1） 检查这个 call 是否已经被执行了，每个 call 只能被执行一次，如果想要一个完全一样的 call，可以利用 call#clone 方法进行克隆。
2）利用 client.dispatcher().enqueue(this) 来进行实际执行
3）AsyncCall是RealCall的子类
final class AsyncCall extends NamedRunnable {
private final Callback responseCallback;
AsyncCall(Callback responseCallback) {
super("OkHttp %s", redactedUrl());
this.responseCallback = responseCallback;
}
@Override protected void execute() {
boolean signalledCallback = false;
try {
Response response = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
if (retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.isCanceled()) {
signalledCallback = true;
responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, new IOException("Canceled"));
} else {
signalledCallback = true;
responseCallback.onResponse(RealCall.this, response);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
......
responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, e);
} finally {
client.dispatcher().finished(this);
}
}AsyncCall继承了NamedRunnable实现了execute方法，首先是调用getResponseWithInterceptorChain()方法获取响应，然后获取成功后，就调用回调的onReponse方法，如果失败，就调用回调的onFailure方法。最后，调用Dispatcher的finished方法。
public abstract class NamedRunnable implements Runnable {
......
@Override
public final void run() {
......
try {
execute();
}
......
}
protected abstract void execute();
}可以看到NamedRunnable实现了Runnbale接口并且是个抽象类，其抽象方法是execute()，该方法是在run方法中被调用的，这也就意味着NamedRunnable是一个任务，并且其子类AsyncCall实现了execute方法
Dispatcher(调度器)介绍
public synchronized ExecutorService executorService() {
if (executorService == null) {
executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
//corePoolSize 最小并发线程数,如果是0的话，空闲一段时间后所有线程将全部被销毁
0,
//maximumPoolSize: 最大线程数，当任务进来时可以扩充的线程最大值，当大于了这个值就会根据丢弃处理机制来处理
Integer.MAX_VALUE,
//keepAliveTime: 当线程数大于corePoolSize时，多余的空闲线程的最大存活时间
60,
//单位秒
TimeUnit.SECONDS,
//工作队列,先进先出
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(),
//单个线程的工厂
Util.threadFactory("OkHttp Dispatcher", false));
}
return executorService;
}OkHttp，如上构造了单例线程池ExecutorService：
在Okhttp中，构建了一个核心为[0, Integer.MAX_VALUE]的线程池，它不保留任何最小线程数，随时创建更多的线程数，当线程空闲时只能活60秒，它使用了一个不存储元素的阻塞工作队列，一个叫做"OkHttp Dispatcher"的线程工厂
synchronized void enqueue(AsyncCall call) {
if (runningAsyncCalls.size() < maxRequests && runningCallsForHost(call) < maxRequestsPerHost) {
runningAsyncCalls.add(call);
executorService().execute(call);
} else {
readyAsyncCalls.add(call);
}
}realCall中的调用看出当前还能执行并发请求，则加入 runningAsyncCalls ，立即执行，否则加入 readyAsyncCalls 队列。
针对同步请求，Dispatcher使用了一个Deque保存了同步任务；针对异步请求，Dispatcher使用了两个Deque，一个保存准备执行的请求，一个保存正在执行的请求
1.运行队列中立即异步执行
2.先进先出的顺序缓存队列
//Dispatcher的finished函数
void finished(AsyncCall call) {
finished(runningAsyncCalls, call, true);
}
private <T> void finished(Deque<T> calls, T call, boolean promoteCalls) {
int runningCallsCount;
Runnable idleCallback;
synchronized (this) {
if (!calls.remove(call)) throw new AssertionError("Call wasn't in-flight!");
if (promoteCalls) promoteCalls();
runningCallsCount = runningCallsCount();
idleCallback = this.idleCallback;
}
if (runningCallsCount == 0 && idleCallback != null) {
idleCallback.run();
}
}
//打开源码，发现它将正在运行的任务Call从队列runningAsyncCalls中移除后，获取运行数量判断是否进入了Idle状态,接着执行promoteCalls()函数,下面是promoteCalls()方法
private void promoteCalls() {
if (runningAsyncCalls.size() >= maxRequests) return; // Already running max capacity.
if (readyAsyncCalls.isEmpty()) return; // No ready calls to promote.
for (Iterator<AsyncCall> i = readyAsyncCalls.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
AsyncCall call = i.next();
if (runningCallsForHost(call) < maxRequestsPerHost) {
i.remove();
runningAsyncCalls.add(call);
executorService().execute(call);
}
if (runningAsyncCalls.size() >= maxRequests) return; // Reached max capacity.
}
}拦截器链
RealCall的execute方法有这么一段代码：Response result = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
流程图：先是自定义拦截器
Response getResponseWithInterceptorChain() throws IOException {
// Build a full stack of interceptors.
List<Interceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>();
interceptors.addAll(client.interceptors());
interceptors.add(retryAndFollowUpInterceptor);
interceptors.add(new BridgeInterceptor(client.cookieJar()));
interceptors.add(new CacheInterceptor(client.internalCache()));
interceptors.add(new ConnectInterceptor(client));
if (!forWebSocket) {
interceptors.addAll(client.networkInterceptors());
}
interceptors.add(new CallServerInterceptor(forWebSocket));
Interceptor.Chain chain = new RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, null, null, null, 0,
originalRequest, this, eventListener, client.connectTimeoutMillis(),
client.readTimeoutMillis(), client.writeTimeoutMillis());
return chain.proceed(originalRequest);
可以看到，在该方法中，我们依次添加了用户自定义的interceptor、retryAndFollowUpInterceptor、BridgeInterceptor、CacheInterceptor、ConnectInterceptor、 networkInterceptors、CallServerInterceptor，并将这些拦截器传递给了这个RealInterceptorChain。拦截器之所以可以依次调用，并最终再从后先前返回Response，都依赖于RealInterceptorChain的proceed方法
public Response proceed(Request request, StreamAllocation streamAllocation, HttpCodec httpCodec,
RealConnection connection) throws IOException {
if (index >= interceptors.size()) throw new AssertionError();
......
// Call the next interceptor in the chain.
RealInterceptorChain next = new RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, streamAllocation, httpCodec,
connection, index + 1, request, call, eventListener, connectTimeout, readTimeout,
writeTimeout);
Interceptor interceptor = interceptors.get(index);
Response response = interceptor.intercept(next);
......
return response;
执行当前拦截器的Intercept方法，并调用下一个（index+1）拦截器。下一个（index+1）拦截器的调用依赖于当前拦截器的Intercept方法中，对RealInterceptorChain的proceed方法的调用
重试及 followup拦截器
@Override
public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
Request request = chain.request();//获取Request对象
RealInterceptorChain realChain = (RealInterceptorChain) chain;//获取拦截器链对象，用于后面的chain.proceed(...)方法
Call call = realChain.call();
EventListener eventListener = realChain.eventListener();//监听器
streamAllocation = new StreamAllocation(client.connectionPool(), createAddress(request.url()),
call, eventListener, callStackTrace);
int followUpCount = 0;
Response priorResponse = null;
while (true) {//循环
if (canceled) {
streamAllocation.release();
throw new IOException("Canceled");
}
Response response;
boolean releaseConnection = true;
try {
response = realChain.proceed(request, streamAllocation, null, null);//调用下一个拦截器
releaseConnection = false;
} catch (RouteException e) {
// The attempt to connect via a route failed. The request will not have been sent.
if (!recover(e.getLastConnectException(), false, request)) {//路由异常，尝试恢复，如果再失败就抛出异常
throw e.getLastConnectException();
}
releaseConnection = false;
continue;//继续重试
} catch (IOException e) {
// An attempt to communicate with a server failed. The request may have been sent.
boolean requestSendStarted = !(e instanceof ConnectionShutdownException);
if (!recover(e, requestSendStarted, request)) throw e;连接关闭异常，尝试恢复
releaseConnection = false;
continue;//继续重试
} finally {
// We're throwing an unchecked exception. Release any resources.
if (releaseConnection) {
streamAllocation.streamFailed(null);
streamAllocation.release();
}
}
// Attach the prior response if it exists. Such responses never have a body.
if (priorResponse != null) {//前一个重试得到的Response
response = response.newBuilder()
.priorResponse(priorResponse.newBuilder()
.body(null)
.build())
.build();
}
//Figures out the HTTP request to make in response to receiving {@code userResponse}. This will
//either add authentication headers, follow redirects or handle a client request timeout. If a
//follow-up is either unnecessary or not applicable, this returns null.
// followUpRequest方法的主要作用就是为新的重试Request添加验证头等内容
Request followUp = followUpRequest(response);
if (followUp == null) {//如果一个请求得到的响应code是200，则followUp是为null的。
if (!forWebSocket) { streamAllocation.release(); } return response; }
closeQuietly(response.body());
//-------------------------------异常处理---------------------------------------------
// if (++followUpCount > MAX_FOLLOW_UPS) {//超过最大的次数,抛出异常
streamAllocation.release();
throw new ProtocolException("Too many follow-up requests: " + followUpCount); }
if (followUp.body() instanceof UnrepeatableRequestBody) {
streamAllocation.release();
} throw new HttpRetryException("Cannot retry streamed HTTP body", response.code());
} if (!sameConnection(response, followUp.url())) {
streamAllocation.release();
streamAllocation = new StreamAllocation(client.connectionPool(), createAddress(followUp.url()), call, eventListener, callStackTrace);
} else if (streamAllocation.codec() != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Closing the body of " + response + " didn't close its backing stream. Bad interceptor?");
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
request = followUp;//得到处理之后的Request，以用来继续请求，在哪继续请求？肯定还是沿着拦截器链继续搞呗
priorResponse = response;//由priorResponse持有
}
}
}
该拦截器主要的作用就是重试及followup
当一个请求由于各种原因失败了，如果是路由或者连接异常，则尝试恢复，否则，根据响应码（ResponseCode）,followup方法会对Request进行再处理以得到新的Request，然后沿着拦截器链继续新的Request。当然，如果responseCode是200的话，这些过程就结束了
BridgeInterceptor
BridgeInterceptor的主要作用就是为请求（request before）添加请求头，为响应（Response Before）添加响应头。看源码：
@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
Request userRequest = chain.request();
Request.Builder requestBuilder = userRequest.newBuilder();
//----------------------request----------------------------------------------
RequestBody body = userRequest.body();
if (body != null) {
MediaType contentType = body.contentType();
if (contentType != null) {//添加Content-Type请求头
requestBuilder.header("Content-Type", contentType.toString());
}
long contentLength = body.contentLength();
if (contentLength != -1) {
requestBuilder.header("Content-Length", Long.toString(contentLength));
requestBuilder.removeHeader("Transfer-Encoding");
} else {
requestBuilder.header("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked");//分块传输
requestBuilder.removeHeader("Content-Length");
}
}
if (userRequest.header("Host") == null) {
requestBuilder.header("Host", hostHeader(userRequest.url(), false));
}
if (userRequest.header("Connection") == null) {
requestBuilder.header("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
}
// If we add an "Accept-Encoding: gzip" header field we're responsible for also decompressing
// the transfer stream.
boolean transparentGzip = false;
if (userRequest.header("Accept-Encoding") == null && userRequest.header("Range") == null) {
transparentGzip = true;
requestBuilder.header("Accept-Encoding", "gzip");
}
List<Cookie> cookies = cookieJar.loadForRequest(userRequest.url());
if (!cookies.isEmpty()) {
requestBuilder.header("Cookie", cookieHeader(cookies));
}
if (userRequest.header("User-Agent") == null) {
requestBuilder.header("User-Agent", Version.userAgent());
}
Response networkResponse = chain.proceed(requestBuilder.build());
//----------------------------------response----------------------------------------------
HttpHeaders.receiveHeaders(cookieJar, userRequest.url(), networkResponse.headers());//保存cookie
Response.Builder responseBuilder = networkResponse.newBuilder()
.request(userRequest);
if (transparentGzip
&& "gzip".equalsIgnoreCase(networkResponse.header("Content-Encoding"))
&& HttpHeaders.hasBody(networkResponse)) {
GzipSource responseBody = new GzipSource(networkResponse.body().source());
Headers strippedHeaders = networkResponse.headers().newBuilder()
.removeAll("Content-Encoding")//Content-Encoding、Content-Length不能用于Gzip解压缩
.removeAll("Content-Length")
.build();
responseBuilder.headers(strippedHeaders);
String contentType = networkResponse.header("Content-Type");
responseBuilder.body(new RealResponseBody(contentType, -1L, Okio.buffer(responseBody)));
}
return responseBuilder.build();
}
CacheInterceptor
服务器收到请求时，会在200 OK中回送该资源的Last-Modified和ETag头（服务器支持缓存的情况下才会有这两个头哦），客户端将该资源保存在cache中，并记录这两个属性。当客户端需要发送相同的请求时，根据Date + Cache-control来判断是否缓存过期，如果过期了，会在请求中携带If-Modified-Since和If-None-Match两个头。两个头的值分别是响应中Last-Modified和ETag头的值。服务器通过这两个头判断本地资源未发生变化，客户端不需要重新下载，返回304响应
CacheStrategy是一个缓存策略类，该类告诉CacheInterceptor是使用缓存还是使用网络请求；
Cache是封装了实际的缓存操作；
DiskLruCache:Cache基于DiskLruCache；
@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
Response cacheCandidate = cache != null
? cache.get(chain.request())//以request的url而来key,获取缓存
: null;
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
//缓存策略类，该类决定了是使用缓存还是进行网络请求
CacheStrategy strategy = new CacheStrategy.Factory(now, chain.request(), cacheCandidate).get();
Request networkRequest = strategy.networkRequest;//网络请求，如果为null就代表不用进行网络请求
Response cacheResponse = strategy.cacheResponse;//缓存响应，如果为null，则代表不使用缓存
if (cache != null) {//根据缓存策略，更新统计指标：请求次数、使用网络请求次数、使用缓存次数
cache.trackResponse(strategy);
}
//缓存不可用，关闭
if (cacheCandidate != null && cacheResponse == null) {
closeQuietly(cacheCandidate.body()); // The cache candidate wasn't applicable. Close it.
}
//如果既无网络请求可用，又没有缓存，则返回504错误
// If we're forbidden from using the network and the cache is insufficient, fail.
if (networkRequest == null && cacheResponse == null) {
return new Response.Builder()
.request(chain.request())
.protocol(Protocol.HTTP_1_1)
.code(504)
.message("Unsatisfiable Request (only-if-cached)")
.body(Util.EMPTY_RESPONSE)
.sentRequestAtMillis(-1L)
.receivedResponseAtMillis(System.currentTimeMillis())
.build();
}
// If we don't need the network, we're done.缓存可用，直接返回缓存
if (networkRequest == null) {
return cacheResponse.newBuilder()
.cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
.build();
}
Response networkResponse = null;
try {
networkResponse = chain.proceed(networkRequest);//进行网络请求，得到网络响应
} finally {
// If we're crashing on I/O or otherwise, don't leak the cache body.
if (networkResponse == null && cacheCandidate != null) {
closeQuietly(cacheCandidate.body());
}
}
//HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED缓存有效，合并网络请求和缓存
// If we have a cache response too, then we're doing a conditional get.
if (cacheResponse != null) {
if (networkResponse.code() == HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED) {
Response response = cacheResponse.newBuilder()
.headers(combine(cacheResponse.headers(), networkResponse.headers()))
.sentRequestAtMillis(networkResponse.sentRequestAtMillis())
.receivedResponseAtMillis(networkResponse.receivedResponseAtMillis())
.cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
.networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse))
.build();
networkResponse.body().close();
// Update the cache after combining headers but before stripping the
// Content-Encoding header (as performed by initContentStream()).
cache.trackConditionalCacheHit();
cache.update(cacheResponse, response);//更新缓存
return response;
} else {
closeQuietly(cacheResponse.body());
}
}
Response response = networkResponse.newBuilder()
.cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
.networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse))
.build();
if (cache != null) {
//有响应体 & 可缓存
if (HttpHeaders.hasBody(response) && CacheStrategy.isCacheable(response, networkRequest)) {
// Offer this request to the cache.
CacheRequest cacheRequest = cache.put(response);
return cacheWritingResponse(cacheRequest, response);//写缓存
}
if (HttpMethod.invalidatesCache(networkRequest.method())) {//判断缓存的有效性
try {
cache.remove(networkRequest);
} catch (IOException ignored) {
// The cache cannot be written.
}
}
}
return response;
}
根据缓存策略类返回的结果：
1、如果网络不可用并且无可用的有效缓存，则返回504错误；
2、继续，如果不需要网络请求，则直接使用缓存；
3、继续，如果需要网络可用，则进行网络请求；
4、继续，如果有缓存，并且网络请求返回HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED，说明缓存还是有效的，则合并网络响应和缓存结果。同时更新缓存；
5、继续，如果没有缓存，则写入新的缓存；
我们可以看到，CacheStrategy在CacheInterceptor中起到了很关键的作用。该类决定了是网络请求还是使用缓存。该类最关键的代码是getCandidate（）方法：
private CacheStrategy getCandidate() {
// No cached response.
if (cacheResponse == null) {//没有缓存，直接网络请求
return new CacheStrategy(request, null);
}
// Drop the cached response if it's missing a required handshake.
if (request.isHttps() && cacheResponse.handshake() == null) {//https，但没有握手，直接网络请求
return new CacheStrategy(request, null);
}
// If this response shouldn't have been stored, it should never be used
// as a response source. This check should be redundant as long as the
// persistence store is well-behaved and the rules are constant.
if (!isCacheable(cacheResponse, request)) {//不可缓存，直接网络请求
return new CacheStrategy(request, null);
}
CacheControl requestCaching = request.cacheControl();
if (requestCaching.noCache() || hasConditions(request)) {
//请求头nocache或者请求头包含If-Modified-Since或者If-None-Match
//请求头包含If-Modified-Since或者If-None-Match意味着本地缓存过期，需要服务器验证
//本地缓存是不是还能继续使用
return new CacheStrategy(request, null);
}
CacheControl responseCaching = cacheResponse.cacheControl();
if (responseCaching.immutable()) {//强制使用缓存
return new CacheStrategy(null, cacheResponse);
}
long ageMillis = cacheResponseAge();
long freshMillis = computeFreshnessLifetime();
if (requestCaching.maxAgeSeconds() != -1) {
freshMillis = Math.min(freshMillis, SECONDS.toMillis(requestCaching.maxAgeSeconds()));
}
long minFreshMillis = 0;
if (requestCaching.minFreshSeconds() != -1) {
minFreshMillis = SECONDS.toMillis(requestCaching.minFreshSeconds());
}
long maxStaleMillis = 0;
if (!responseCaching.mustRevalidate() && requestCaching.maxStaleSeconds() != -1) {
maxStaleMillis = SECONDS.toMillis(requestCaching.maxStaleSeconds());
}
//可缓存，并且ageMillis + minFreshMillis < freshMillis + maxStaleMillis
// （意味着虽过期，但可用，只是会在响应头添加warning）
if (!responseCaching.noCache() && ageMillis + minFreshMillis < freshMillis + maxStaleMillis) {
Response.Builder builder = cacheResponse.newBuilder();
if (ageMillis + minFreshMillis >= freshMillis) {
builder.addHeader("Warning", "110 HttpURLConnection \"Response is stale\"");
}
long oneDayMillis = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000L;
if (ageMillis > oneDayMillis && isFreshnessLifetimeHeuristic()) {
builder.addHeader("Warning", "113 HttpURLConnection \"Heuristic expiration\"");
}
return new CacheStrategy(null, builder.build());//使用缓存
}
// Find a condition to add to the request. If the condition is satisfied, the response body
// will not be transmitted.
String conditionName;
String conditionValue;
//流程走到这，说明缓存已经过期了
//添加请求头：If-Modified-Since或者If-None-Match
//etag与If-None-Match配合使用
//lastModified与If-Modified-Since配合使用
//前者和后者的值是相同的
//区别在于前者是响应头，后者是请求头。
//后者用于服务器进行资源比对，看看是资源是否改变了。
// 如果没有，则本地的资源虽过期还是可以用的
if (etag != null) {
conditionName = "If-None-Match";
conditionValue = etag;
} else if (lastModified != null) {
conditionName = "If-Modified-Since";
conditionValue = lastModifiedString;
} else if (servedDate != null) {
conditionName = "If-Modified-Since";
conditionValue = servedDateString;
} else {
return new CacheStrategy(request, null); // No condition! Make a regular request.
}
Headers.Builder conditionalRequestHeaders = request.headers().newBuilder();
Internal.instance.addLenient(conditionalRequestHeaders, conditionName, conditionValue);
Request conditionalRequest = request.newBuilder()
.headers(conditionalRequestHeaders.build())
.build();
return new CacheStrategy(conditionalRequest, cacheResponse);
}
大致流程如下：（if-else的关系呀）
1、没有缓存，直接网络请求；
2、如果是https，但没有握手，直接网络请求；
3、不可缓存，直接网络请求；
4、请求头nocache或者请求头包含If-Modified-Since或者If-None-Match，则需要服务器验证本地缓存是不是还能继续使用，直接网络请求；
5、可缓存，并且ageMillis + minFreshMillis < freshMillis + maxStaleMillis（意味着虽过期，但可用，只是会在响应头添加warning），则使用缓存；
6、缓存已经过期，添加请求头：If-Modified-Since或者If-None-Match，进行网络请求；
ConnectInterceptor（核心，连接池）
未完的后面再补充
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