现代c++之移动构造, 移动赋值, 拷贝构造, 拷贝赋值

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>


class CMyString {
private:
	char * buf;
	int len;

private:
	void copy(const char* s) {
		buf = new char[len+1];
		memcpy(buf, s, len);
		buf[len] = '\0';
	}

public:
	CMyString() {
		std::cout << "构造函数" << std::endl;

		buf = nullptr;
		len = 0;
	}

	CMyString(const char* str = nullptr) {
		if (str == nullptr) {
			std::cout << "构造函数" << std::endl;

			buf = nullptr;
			len = 0;
		}
		else {
			std::cout << "构造函数" << str << std::endl;
			len = strlen(str);
			copy(str);
		}
	}

	CMyString(const CMyString& str) {
		std::cout << "拷贝构造函数" << str.buf << std::endl;

		len = str.len;
		copy(str.buf);		
	}

	CMyString(CMyString&& str) {
		std::cout << "移动构造函数" << str.buf << std::endl;

		//也可以直接使用std::move

		len = str.len;
		buf = str.buf;

		

		str.len = 0;
		str.buf = nullptr;
	}

	CMyString& operator=(const CMyString& str) {
		std::cout << "拷贝赋值函数" << str.buf << std::endl;

		if (&str != this) {
			if (buf != nullptr) {
				delete[] buf;
				buf = nullptr;
			}

			len = str.len;
			copy(str.buf);
		}

		return *this;
	}

	

	CMyString& operator=(CMyString&& str) {
		std::cout << "移动赋值函数" << str.buf << std::endl;

		if (this != &str) {

			if (buf != nullptr) {
				delete[] buf;
				buf = nullptr;
			}

			len = str.len;
			buf = str.buf;
			str.len = 0;
			str.buf = nullptr;
		}

		return *this;
	}

	~CMyString() {
		if (buf == nullptr)
		{
			std::cout << "析构函数" << std::endl;
		}
		else
		{
			std::cout << "析构函数" << buf << std::endl;
			delete[] buf;
			buf = nullptr;
		}
	}

	void print() {
		if (buf != nullptr)
			std::cout << buf << std::endl;
		else
			std::cout << "buf is null" << std::endl;
	}

	
};

void func1(CMyString str) {
	
}

CMyString func2() {
	CMyString s("34");
	return s;
}

void test0() {
	CMyString s1("12");

	func1(s1); //对象str尚未初始化，会调用拷贝构造函数

	CMyString s2 = func2(); // 对象s2尚未初始化，会产生临时对象，调用移动构造函数


	CMyString s3 = "56";

	s3 = s1; //对象s3已初始化，会调用拷贝赋值函数
}

void test1() {
	CMyString s4 = "78";
	std::vector<CMyString> v1;
	//v1.push_back(s4);
	v1.push_back(std::move(s4)); // 对象尚未初始化，会调用移动构造函数

	std::cout << "开始输出v1\n";
	for (auto& str : v1)
		str.print();

	std::vector<CMyString> v2;
	v2 = std::move(v1);

	std::cout << "开始输出v1\n";
	for (auto& str : v1)
		str.print();

	std::cout << "开始输出v2\n";
	for (auto& str : v2)
		str.print();
}

void test2() {
	
	CMyString s5 = "9";
	s5 = func2(); // 对象s5已初始化， 会产生临时对象，调用移动赋值函数
}

int main(void)
{	
	std::cout << "begin test0()" << std::endl;
	test0();
	std::cout << std::endl;

	std::cout << "begin test1()" << std::endl;
	test1();
	std::cout << std::endl;

	std::cout << "begin test2()" << std::endl;
	test2();

	return 0;
}