Abstract
在OO設計中,對應於Relational Database的一筆資料,我們會用一個object,如Customer,但多筆資料呢?有些人會用DataSet,有些人會用List<Customer>,這些方法都不錯,但若要設計自己的Collection:Customers type,那該怎麼做呢?
Introduction
使用DataSet(DataTable,DataReader....)或List<Customer>這些代表Collection,理論上並沒有什麼錯,事實上很多人也都這樣用,缺點就是比較沒有OO的flavor。理想上,既然有Customer class代表一筆資料,就應該有Customers class代表多筆資料,而N-Tiers間的傳輸應該是Customers collection,而非DataSet或List<Customer>。
要產生自己的Collection,有兩種方式,一個是.NET 1.0的方式,一個是.NET 2.0的方式。
.NET 1.0方式(在.NET 2.0仍然可以使用)
繼承CollectionBase,CollectionBase是一個abstract class,implement了IList ,ICollection,IEnumerable,已經為Collection做好了基礎架構,我們要做的就是overload this[]、IndexOf()、Add()、Remove()就好,其他的事情,CollectionBase已經幫我們做好了。
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執行結果
在Member class中,25行到40行
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整體的目標是為了改寫object的比較方式,在.NET,預設是用reference比較object是否相同,但這對Collection的IndexOf(),Remove()有很大的影響,所以我override了Equals()和GetHashCode(),並對==和!=做了operator overloading。
CollectionBase原本都有實現IndexOf(),Add(),Remove(),但因只針對Object而非Member,所以針對了Member overload了IndexOf(),Add(),Remove(),另外使用了indexer是為了方便Collection的使用。
.NET 2.0 (使用Collection<T>)
繼承Collection<Member>,因為是泛型,所以不用再overload IndexOf(),Add(),Remove(),也不用在定義indexer,因為泛型會直接使用Member,所以code非常精簡。
Collection<T>的架構頗複雜,implement了IEnumerable,IEnumerable<T>,ICollection,ICollection<T>,IList,IList<T>。
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執行結果
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/f0cd6c7f9e7ae96feae062cb48f670f0.gif)
35行
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/34031c708bfe702fe82d01ff5c6593aa.gif)
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非常精簡,只需繼承Collection<Member>即可。
繼承自List<T>也是可以。
不過List<T>的method較多,包含了不少適用於List<T>的算法,如BinarySearch(), Sort(), Reverse(),若用不到,會造成自訂Collection過於臃腫,較占內存。 若會用到這些算法,則應繼承於List<T>。
繼承於Collection<T>是剛剛好Collection會用到的method而已。