jdk提供很原语来让我们控制进程的并发,信号量是重要的一个。信号量一个重要的特质就是计数,
Semaphore可以控制某个资源可被同时访问的个数,通过 acquire() 获取一个许可,如果没有就等待,而 release() 释放一个许可。比如在Windows下可以设置共享文件的最大客户端访问个数。
Semaphore实现的功能就类似厕所有5个坑,假如有10个人要上厕所,那么同时只能有多少个人去上厕所呢?同时只能有5个人能够占用,当5个人中 的任何一个人让开后,其中等待的另外5个人中又有一个人可以占用了。另外等待的5个人中可以是随机获得优先机会,也可以是按照先来后到的顺序获得机会,这取决于构造Semaphore对象时传入的参数选项。单个信号量的Semaphore对象可以实现互斥锁的功能,并且可以是由一个线程获得了“锁”,再由另一个线程释放“锁”,这可应用于死锁恢复的一些场合。
Semaphore维护了当前访问的个数,提供同步机制,控制同时访问的个数。在数据结构中链表可以保存“无限”的节点,用Semaphore可以实现有限大小的链表。另外重入锁 ReentrantLock 也可以实现该功能,但实现上要复杂些。
当访问个数设置为1时,其功能等于Lock。
下面我们看一下基本用法:
package javaThread;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
public class SemaphoreThread {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Semaphore sp = new Semaphore(3);
final SemaphoreData spData = new SemaphoreData(sp);
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
new Thread(" name " + i) {
public void run() {
spData.opSemaphoreData();
};
}.start();
;
}
}
static class SemaphoreData {
private Semaphore mSp;
public SemaphoreData(Semaphore sp) {
mSp = sp;
}
public void opSemaphoreData() {
try {
mSp.acquire();
System.out.println(" Thread name " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(" Thread name sleep " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
mSp.release();
}
}
}
}
acquire相当于申请锁,如果进程数没有达到设置的大小 ,就可以马上申请到锁,如果满了,就等待,
release相当释放锁。
Semaphore 更多的是与进程池使用,控制同时访问的大小 ,
package javaThread;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
public class SemaphoreThreadTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final Semaphore semp = new Semaphore(3);
for (int index = 0; index < 20; index++) {
final int NO = index;
Runnable run = new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
semp.acquire();
System.out.println("note : " + NO);
Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000));
semp.release();
System.out.println("note : release " +NO );
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
};
exec.execute(run);
}
exec.shutdown();
}
}
也可以多个Semaphore一起使用实现复杂的功能 ;下面我们就用
Semaphore来实现简单的生产者我消费者模式。
public class SemaphoreProducer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
Data mData =new Data(4);
for(int i = 0 ;i< 8;i++) {
service.execute(new Producer(mData, " name " +i));
}
service.execute(new Customer(mData, " name 1111111" ));
}
//生产 者和消费者使用队列
static class Data {
private final int DEFAULT_Size = 10;
private int mCapacity = DEFAULT_Size;
private Semaphore mMutex = new Semaphore(1);
private Semaphore mProduceVisable ,mCustomVisable;
private int mProducesPtr;
private int mCoustomPrt;
private Object [] mData;
public Data() {
}
public Data(int cap) {
mCapacity = cap;
mProduceVisable = new Semaphore(mCapacity);
mCustomVisable = new Semaphore(mCapacity);<pre name="code" class="java"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span> try {
mCustomVisable.acquire(mCapacity);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
mData = new Object[mCapacity]; mProducesPtr = 0; mCoustomPrt = 0; } public void put(Object object) { mProduceVisable.acquireUninterruptibly();// 是否 mMutex.acquireUninterruptibly(); mData[mProducesPtr] = object; if(++mProducesPtr == mCapacity) { mProducesPtr = 0; } mMutex.release(); mCustomVisable.release(); } public Object get() { mCustomVisable.acquireUninterruptibly(); mMutex.acquireUninterruptibly(); Object object = mData[mCoustomPrt]; if(++mCoustomPrt == mCapacity) { mCoustomPrt = 0; } mMutex.release(); mProduceVisable.release(); return object; } } static class Producer extends Thread { private Data mData; private String mName; public Producer(Data data,String name) { mData = data; mName = name; } @Override public void run() { super.run(); while (true) { Object object = new String("chenqinglin 1"); mData.put(object); System.out.println(" Producer " + mName); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } } static class Customer extends Thread { private Data mData; private String mName; public Customer(Data data,String name) { mData = data; mName = name; } @Override public void run() { super.run(); while (true) { Object object = mData.get(); System.out.println(" Customer " + mName + " object " + object.toString()); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }}
其实看似简单的Semaphore 也可以完成复杂的功能 .