SpringBoot学习之入门篇

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-22 18:28:36 发布

青蛙小王子

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-22 18:28:36 发布

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分类专栏： springboot 文章标签： springboot

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/walkcode/article/details/78076162

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经过多年的发展java的开发体系也越来越全面我们经历了从spring2.5、springMVC3X到现在的springboot,虽然开发方式发生了变化，唯一不变的是我们仍然需要坚持不懈的学习劲头和激情，不断努力不断提高，因此这次特地分享下最近学习springboot的经验，这里不会每个步骤都写的那么详细，就简明扼要的写一下

一学习springboot需要具备的基本要求

1 对spring以及springmvc有使用经验和基础的调试能力

2 有jpa或者hibernate的使用经验

3 会使用freemarker

4 熟练使用mybatis

5 熟练使用maven

6 简单使用服务器中间件如tomcat,jboss，weblogic等

如果掌握了以上技术，springboot便能快速上手一学就会，因此springboot对程序员的综合能力还是很高的

二下面介绍springboot的基本配置和application.properties

经过一段时间的学习我觉得springboot的特色是规约配置，也就是说springboot中规则大于配置，更多的我们需要记住里面的那些规则，如下图所示

看到这里不知道大家会不会和我一样对springboot的灵活性感到无比惊讶，关于配置文件里的众多配置大家可以查查资料，这里就不全部写出来了

三项目创建后pom文件的写法

maven的使用就不说了，直接贴给大家一个常用的，如下所示

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.debug</groupId>
  <artifactId>usemybatis</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>usemybatis</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

 <properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>1.4.5.RELEASE</version>
	</parent>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		
	</dependency>

	
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
			<scope>true</scope>
		</dependency>
	
		


		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>3.8.1</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<!--fork : 如果没有该项配置，devtools不会起作用，即应用不会restart -->
					<fork>true</fork>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>
</project>

如果有需要直接引入所需依赖就可以了

四 springboot的启动入口

默认情况下项目创建完毕后会生产一个叫App.java的文件，我们只需要在这个文件上加上注解以及 SpringApplication.run(App.class, args);就OK了，如下所示：

package com.debug;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * Hello world!
 *
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class App 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        System.out.println( "Hello World!" );
        SpringApplication.run(App.class, args);
    }
}

运行也很简单，直接在这个文件右键选择Run as -->Java Application即可，如果没有问题启动会控制台会有如下显示

Hello World!
.__ ___. __
_____ ___.__. ___________________|__| ____ ____\_ |__ ____ _____/ |_
/ < | | / ___/\____ \_ __ \ |/ \ / ___\| __ \ / _ \ / _ \ __\
| Y Y \___ | \___ \ | |_> > | \/ | | \/ /_/ > \_\ ( <_> | <_> ) |
|__|_| / ____| /____ >| __/|__| |__|___| /\___ /|___ /\____/ \____/|__|
\/\/ \/ |__| \//_____/ \/
2017-09-24 13:08:13.260 INFO 10632 --- [ main] com.debug.App : Starting App on cry with PID 10632 (G:\stsspace\usespringboot01\target\classes started by chenwill2 in G:\stsspace\usespringboot01)
2017-09-24 13:08:13.281 INFO 10632 --- [ main] com.debug.App : The following profiles are active: prod
2017-09-24 13:08:13.558 INFO 10632 --- [ main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@635eaaf1: startup date [Sun Sep 24 13:08:13 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-09-24 13:08:27.815 INFO 10632 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 80 (http)
2017-09-24 13:08:27.863 INFO 10632 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service Tomcat
2017-09-24 13:08:27.864 INFO 10632 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.11
2017-09-24 13:08:28.367 INFO 10632 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2017-09-24 13:08:28.368 INFO 10632 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 14831 ms
2017-09-24 13:08:28.613 INFO 10632 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
2017-09-24 13:08:28.621 INFO 10632 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2017-09-24 13:08:28.678 INFO 10632 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2017-09-24 13:08:28.678 INFO 10632 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
2017-09-24 13:08:28.678 INFO 10632 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
2017-09-24 13:08:29.274 INFO 10632 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@635eaaf1: startup date [Sun Sep 24 13:08:13 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-09-24 13:08:29.413 INFO 10632 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/hello/sayHello.do]}" onto public java.lang.String com.debug.HelloController.sayHello()
2017-09-24 13:08:29.415 INFO 10632 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/hi/sayHi.do]}" onto public java.lang.String com.debug.HiController.sayHi()
2017-09-24 13:08:29.420 INFO 10632 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2017-09-24 13:08:29.422 INFO 10632 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
2017-09-24 13:08:29.468 INFO 10632 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2017-09-24 13:08:29.468 INFO 10632 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2017-09-24 13:08:29.539 INFO 10632 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2017-09-24 13:08:29.802 INFO 10632 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2017-09-24 13:08:30.553 INFO 10632 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 80 (http)
2017-09-24 13:08:30.558 INFO 10632 --- [ main] com.debug.App : Started App in 19.18 seconds (JVM running for 21.845)

五 controller的写法大致如下

package com.debug;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HelloController {

	@RequestMapping("/hello/sayHello.do")
	public String sayHello() {
		return "Hello Spring Boot!";
	}
	
}

@RestController类似@Controller加@RequestMapping的用法，如果是web开发使用springmvc的那套就是@Controller加@RequestMapping会比较方便，类似webservice的数据交互使用@RestController比较方便

从浏览器输入url后运行效果如下