参考书籍:unxi环境高级编程
信号函数:
typedef void (*sighandler_t)(int);
sighandler_t signal(int signum, sighandler_t handler);
其原型为:
void (*signal(int signum,void (*handler)(int))) (int);
我们一般都是用第一个,也就是通过typedef改写过的。
注意:signal函数我一般认为其是向内核注册当前进程收到信号的处理的方式。
signal(SIGINT,handler);
参数说明:
signum : 指定信号
handler : SIG_IGN忽略该信号,SIG_DFL采用系统默认方式处理信号,自定义的信号处理函数指针。
理解实际的例子是学习的最好方式:
例子一:
通过异步方式,给子进程收尸
注意:子进程在终止时会给父进程发SIGCHLD,该信号的默认处理动作是忽略,父进程可以自定义SIGCHLD信号的处理函数,这样父进程只需要专心处理自己的工作,不必关心子进程了,子进程终止时会通知父进程,父进程在信号处理函数中调用wait清理子进程即可。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void child_exit_handler(int signum)
{
if(signum == SIGCHLD)
{
printf("Child exit.\n");
wait(NULL);
}
}
int main()
{
int pid;
int i = 0;
//想内核注册,处理 SIGCHLD信号的方式
signal(SIGCHLD,child_exit_handler);
if((pid = fork()) < 0)
{
perror("Fail to fork");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}else if(pid == 0){
for(i = 0;i < 5;i ++)
{
printf("child loop.\n");
sleep(1);
}
}else{
for(i = 0;i < 5;i ++)
{
printf("Father loop.\n");
sleep(2);
}
}
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
运行结果如下:
[uglychen@chenxun test]$gcc test.c
[uglychen@chenxun test]$ ls
a.out test.c
[uglychen@chenxun test]$ ./a.out
child loop.
Father loop.
child loop.
Father loop.
child loop.
child loop.
Father loop.
child loop.
Child exit.
Father loop.
Father loop.
[uglychen@chenxun test]$
[uglychen@chenxun test]$ ls
a.out test.c
[uglychen@chenxun test]$ ./a.out
child loop.
Father loop.
child loop.
Father loop.
child loop.
child loop.
Father loop.
child loop.
Child exit.
Father loop.
Father loop.
[uglychen@chenxun test]$
例二、综合案例
使用FIFO实现clientA与clientB之间聊天
A.输入quit后,两个进程退出
B.如果在20秒内,没有等到另一端发来的消息,则认为对方已不在,此时终止。
clientA:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define MAX 100
void signal_handler(int signum)
{
static int flag = 0;
switch(signum)
{
case SIGALRM:
if(flag == 0)
{
printf("The people is leaving,the system is closed in 10 seconds \
and you can input 'ctrl + c' cancel.\n");
alarm(10);
}else{
kill(getppid(),SIGKILL);
usleep(500);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
flag = 1;
break;
case SIGINT:
printf("The alarm is cancel.\n");
alarm(0);
break;
}
}
int child_recv_fifo(char *fifo_name)
{
int n,fd;
char buf[MAX];
if((fd = open(fifo_name,O_RDONLY)) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr,"fail to open %s : %s.\n",fifo_name,strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
signal(SIGALRM,signal_handler);
signal(SIGINT,signal_handler);
alarm(15);//璁剧疆瀹氭椂鍣?
while(1)
{
n = read(fd,buf,sizeof(buf));
buf[n] = '\0';
printf("Read %d bytes : %s.\n",n,buf);
if(strncmp(buf,"quit",4) == 0 || n == 0)
{
kill(getppid(),SIGKILL);
usleep(500);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
alarm(15);
}
return 0;
}
int father_send_fifo(char *fifo_name,int pid)
{
int n,fd;
char buf[MAX];
if((fd = open(fifo_name,O_WRONLY)) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Fail to open %s : %s.\n",fifo_name,strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
signal(SIGINT,SIG_IGN);
while(1)
{
getchar();
printf(">");
fgets(buf,sizeof(buf),stdin);
buf[strlen(buf)-1] = '\0';
write(fd,buf,strlen(buf));
if(strncmp(buf,"quit",4) == 0)
{
kill(pid,SIGKILL);
usleep(500);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
}
return 0;
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
int pid;
if(argc < 3)
{
fprintf(stderr,"usage %s argv[1].\n",argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if(mkfifo(argv[1],0666) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
{
perror("Fail to mkfifo");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if(mkfifo(argv[2],0666) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
{
perror("Fail to mkfifo");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if((pid = fork()) < 0)
{
perror("Fail to fork");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}else if(pid == 0){
child_recv_fifo(argv[2]);
}else{
father_send_fifo(argv[1],pid);
}
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
client B
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define MAX 100
void signal_handler(int signum)
{
static int flag = 0;
switch(signum)
{
case SIGALRM:
if(flag == 0)
{
printf("The people is leaving,the system is closed in 10 seconds \
and you can input 'ctrl + c' cancel.\n");
alarm(10);
}else{
kill(getppid(),SIGKILL);
usleep(500);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
flag = 1;
break;
case SIGINT:
printf("The alarm is cancel.\n");
alarm(0);
break;
}
}
int child_recv_fifo(char *fifo_name)
{
int n,fd;
char buf[MAX];
if((fd = open(fifo_name,O_RDONLY)) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr,"fail to open %s : %s.\n",fifo_name,strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
signal(SIGALRM,signal_handler);
signal(SIGINT,signal_handler);
alarm(15);//璁剧疆瀹氭椂鍣?
while(1)
{
n = read(fd,buf,sizeof(buf));
buf[n] = '\0';
printf("Read %d bytes : %s.\n",n,buf);
if(strncmp(buf,"quit",4) == 0 || n == 0)
{
kill(getppid(),SIGKILL);
usleep(500);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
alarm(15);
}
return 0;
}
int father_send_fifo(char *fifo_name,int pid)
{
int n,fd;
char buf[MAX];
if((fd = open(fifo_name,O_WRONLY)) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Fail to open %s : %s.\n",fifo_name,strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
signal(SIGINT,SIG_IGN);
while(1)
{
getchar();
printf(">");
fgets(buf,sizeof(buf),stdin);
buf[strlen(buf)-1] = '\0';
write(fd,buf,strlen(buf));
if(strncmp(buf,"quit",4) == 0)
{
kill(pid,SIGKILL);
usleep(500);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
}
return 0;
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
int pid;
if(argc < 3)
{
fprintf(stderr,"usage %s argv[1].\n",argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if(mkfifo(argv[1],0666) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
{
perror("Fail to mkfifo");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if(mkfifo(argv[2],0666) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
{
perror("Fail to mkfifo");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if((pid = fork()) < 0)
{
perror("Fail to fork");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}else if(pid == 0){
child_recv_fifo(argv[1]);
}else{
father_send_fifo(argv[2],pid);
}
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}