wchar.h安全函数学习之wcscat_s，wcscpy_s，wcsncat_s，wcsncpy_s，wcsnlen_s，wcstok_s

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已于 2024-07-03 20:10:35 修改

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分类专栏： C库函数文章标签： C库函数

于 2014-11-10 14:37:35 首次发布

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本篇介绍 wchar.h头文件的安全函数学习之wcscat_s，wcscpy_s，wcsncat_s，wcsncpy_s，wcsnlen_s，wcstok_s。

实验环境：window11, VS2022

wcscat / wcscat_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <wtypes.h>
#include <memory.h>

#pragma warning(disable:4996)


int main(void)
{
    #define LENGTH 100

    wchar_t str[50] = L"Земля, прощай.";
    wcscat(str, L" ");
    wcscat(str, L"В добрый путь.");
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");
    printf("%ls\n", str);

    setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
    wchar_t wStrOne[LENGTH] = L"早安";
    const wchar_t wStrTwo[] = L"中国";

    if (!wcscat_s(wStrOne, LENGTH, wStrTwo))
        wprintf_s(L"%ls\n", wStrOne);


    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/string/wide/wcscat
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_library_wchar_function_wcscat.html
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_appendix_secure_function_wcscat_s.html
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/strcat-wcscat-mbscat?view=msvc-170
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/strcat-s-wcscat-s-mbscat-s?view=msvc-170

wcscpy / wcscpy_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <wtypes.h>
#include <memory.h>

#pragma warning(disable:4996)

int main(void)
{
    wchar_t* src = L"犬 means dog";
    //  src[0] = L'狗' ; // 这会是未定义行为
    //wchar_t dst[wcslen(src) + 1]; // 为适应空终止符 +1
    wchar_t dst[32];
    wcscpy(dst, src);
    dst[0] = L'狗'; // OK

    setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");
    printf("src = %ls\ndst = %ls\n", src, dst);

    //wcscopy_s example
    #define LENGTH 100

    setlocale(LC_ALL, "");

    wchar_t destination[LENGTH];
    const wchar_t source[] = L"上有天堂，下有苏杭。";

    if (!(wcscpy_s(destination, LENGTH, source)))
        fputws(destination, stdout);
    printf("\n\n");
    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/string/wide/wcscpy
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_library_wchar_function_wcscpy.html
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_appendix_secure_function_wcscpy_s.html
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/strcpy-wcscpy-mbscpy?view=msvc-170
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/strcpy-s-wcscpy-s-mbscpy-s?view=msvc-170

wcsncat / wcsncat_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <wtypes.h>
#include <memory.h>

#pragma warning(disable:4996)


int main(void)
{
    wchar_t str[50] = L"Земля, прощай.";
    wcsncat(str, L" ", 1);
    wcsncat(str, L"В добрый путь.", 8); // 只后附首 8 个宽字符
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");
    printf("%ls\n", str);

    //wcsncat_s example
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "");

    wchar_t wStrOne[10] = L"早安";
    const wchar_t wStrTwo[] = L"中国上海";

    if (!wcsncat_s(wStrOne, 10, wStrTwo, 2))
        wprintf_s(L"%ls\n", wStrOne);


    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：
https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/string/wide/wcsncat
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_library_wchar_function_wcsncat.html
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_appendix_secure_function_wcsncat_s.html

wcsncpy / wcsncpy_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <wtypes.h>
#include <memory.h>

#pragma warning(disable:4996)


int main(void)
{
    const wchar_t src[] = L"わゐ";
    wchar_t dest[6] = { L'あ', L'い', L'う', L'え', L'お' };

    wcsncpy(dest, src, 4); // 这将复制 わゐ 并重复 L'\0' 二次

    puts("The contents of dest are: ");
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");

    const long dest_size = sizeof dest / sizeof * dest;
    for (wchar_t* p = dest; p - dest != dest_size; ++p) {
        *p ? printf("%lc ", *p)
            : printf("\\0 ");
    }

    //wcsncpy_s example
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "");

    const wchar_t source[] = { L'东', L'西', L'南', L'北', L'中', L'\0' };
    wchar_t destination[10];

    if (!(wcsncpy_s(destination, 10, source, 6)))
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i)
        {
            if (destination[i] == 0)
                wprintf_s(L"空宽字符。\n");
            else
                wprintf_s(L"%lc\n", destination[i]);
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/string/wide/wcsncpy
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_library_wchar_function_wcsncpy.html
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_appendix_secure_function_wcsncpy_s.html

wcsnlen / wcsnlen_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <wtypes.h>
#include <memory.h>

#pragma warning(disable:4996)


int main(void)
{
    wchar_t str[] = L"How many wide characters does this string contain?";

    printf("without null character: %zu\n", wcslen(str));
    printf("with null character: %zu\n", sizeof str / sizeof * str);

    //wcsnlen_s example
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
    const wchar_t wStr[] = L"人需要真理，就像瞎子需要明眼的引路人一样。";
    wprintf_s(L"字符总数: %zu\n", wcsnlen_s(wStr, sizeof(wStr) / sizeof(wchar_t)));

    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/string/wide/wcslen
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_library_wchar_function_wcslen.html
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_appendix_secure_function_wcsnlen_s.html

wcstok / wcstok_s example

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <wtypes.h>
#include <memory.h>

#pragma warning(disable:4996)

 
int main(void)
{
    wchar_t input[] = L"A bird came down the walk";
    printf("Parsing the input string '%ls'\n", input);
    wchar_t* buffer;
    wchar_t* token = wcstok(input, L" ", &buffer);
    while (token)
    {
        printf("%ls\n", token);
        token = wcstok(NULL, L" ", &buffer);
    }

    printf("Contents of the input string now: '");
    for (size_t n = 0; n < sizeof input / sizeof * input; ++n)
        input[n] ? printf("%lc", input[n]) : printf("\\0");
    puts("'");

    //wcstok_s example
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "");

    wchar_t wStr[] = L"张伟 米洛舍维奇 李军 高尔基 普京 黄药师  \
                柴可夫斯基 梅德韦杰夫 巴普洛夫 普希金  \
                门捷列夫 爱因斯坦 歌德 贝多芬 戈尔巴乔夫";
    const wchar_t delimiter[] = L" ";
    wchar_t* pch;
    wchar_t* nextToken;
    int count = 0;

    //统计人数
    pch = wcstok_s(wStr, delimiter, &nextToken);

    while (pch != NULL)
    {
        ++count;
        pch = wcstok_s(NULL, delimiter, &nextToken);
    }

    wprintf_s(L"共%d人。\n", count);

    return 0;
}

运行结果：

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/string/wide/wcstok
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_library_wchar_function_wcstok.html
https://www.standards.wiki/c/c_appendix_secure_function_wcstok_s.html