C# 24点游戏求解

1.24点游戏规则及算法

规则：给出4个自然数，找出能够求出24的四则运算式，要求数字不能重复使用

分析：

本算法是一种暴力求解法：

给出任意两个数字，可以进行6种四则运算，求出最多6个值。以数字a和b为例，有：

加（a+b）、减（a-b）、被减（b-a）、乘以（a*b）、除以(a/b)和除(b/a)

abcd共计四个数，如果顺序固定，则有5种计算顺序（★代表上面6种四则运算中的一种）：

((a★b)★c)★d、(a★b)★(c★d)、(a★(b★c))★d、a★((b★c)★d)、a★(b★(c★d))

给出的四个数字，n1n2n3n4，有4*3*2=24种全排列的方法

2.相关函数

/// <summary>
/// 判断abcd四个数进行任意四则运算后能不能得出24，每个数字只能用一次
/// </summary>
/// <param name="a">数字a</param>
/// <param name="b">数字b</param>
/// <param name="c">数字c</param>
/// <param name="d">数字d</param>
/// <param name="expression"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static bool Try24(int a, int b, int c, int d, ref string expression)
{
    //a字头
    if (TryEach(a, b, c, d, ref expression)) return true;
    if (TryEach(a, b, d, c, ref expression)) return true;
    if (TryEach(a, c, b, d, ref expression)) return true;
    if (TryEach(a, c, d, b, ref expression)) return true;
    if (TryEach(a, d, b, c, ref expression)) return true;
    if (TryEach(a, d, c, b, ref expression)) return true;

    //b字头
    if (TryEach(b, a, c, d, ref expression)) return true;
    if (TryEach(b, a, d, c, ref expression)) return true;
    if (TryEach(b, c, a, d, ref expression)) return true;
    if (TryEach(b, c, d, a, ref expression)) return true;
    if (TryEach(b, d, a, c, ref expression)) return true;
    if (TryEach(b, d, c, a, ref expression)) return true;

    //c字头
    if (TryEach(c, a, b, d, ref expression)) return true;
    if (TryEach(c, a, d, b, ref expression)) return true;
    if (TryEach(c, b, a, c, ref expression)) return true;
    if (TryEach(c, b, c, a, ref expression)) return true;
    if (TryEach(c, d, a, b, ref expression)) return true;
    if (TryEach(c, d, b, a, ref expression)) return true;

    //d字头
    if (TryEach(d, a, b, c, ref expression)) return true;
    if (TryEach(d, a, c, b, ref expression)) return true;
    if (TryEach(d, b, a, c, ref expression)) return true;
    if (TryEach(d, b, c, a, ref expression)) return true;
    if (TryEach(d, c, a, b, ref expression)) return true;
    if (TryEach(d, c, b, a, ref expression)) return true;

    return false;
}

/// <summary>
/// 判断指定顺序的四个数abcd进行任意四则运算后能不能得出24，每个数字只能用一次
/// </summary>
/// <param name="a">数字1</param>
/// <param name="b">数字2</param>
/// <param name="c">数字3</param>
/// <param name="d">数字4</param>
/// <param name="expression"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static bool TryEach(int a, int b, int c, int d, ref string expression)
{
    expression = "";

    //两个数可以做6种运算：加、减、被减、乘以、除以、除
    //四个数共可以进行6*6*6=216种不同次序的四则运算

    //初始化数组
    for (int i = 0; i < 6 * 6 * 6; i++)
    {
        //a与b间的运算符：i / 36
        //b与c间的运算符：i % 36 / 6
        //c与d间的运算符：i % 6

        //1.运算顺序：a和b，再和c，再和d
        {
            string expression1 = "", expression2 = "";
            int temp1 = ResultOf(a, b, i / 36, ref expression1);
            int temp2 = ResultOf(temp1, c, i % 36 / 6, ref expression2, expression1);
            int result = ResultOf(temp2, d, i % 6, ref expression, expression2);
            if (result == 24) return true;
        }

        //2.运算顺序：a和b，c和d，前面部分和后面部分
        {
            string expression1 = "", expression2 = "";
            int temp1 = ResultOf(a, b, i / 36, ref expression1);
            int temp2 = ResultOf(c, d, i % 6, ref expression2);
            int result = ResultOf(temp1, temp2, i % 36 / 6,
                ref expression, expression1, expression2);
            if (result == 24) return true;
        }

        //3.运算顺序：b和c运算，再与a运算，再与d运算
        {
            string expression1 = "", expression2 = "";
            int temp1 = ResultOf(b, c, i % 36 / 6, ref expression1);
            int temp2 = ResultOf(a, temp1, i / 36, ref expression2, "", expression1);
            int result = ResultOf(temp2, d, i % 6, ref expression, expression2);
            if (result == 24) return true;
        }

        //4.运算顺序：b和c运算，再与d运算，再与a运算
        {
            string expression1 = "", expression2 = "";
            int temp1 = ResultOf(b, c, i % 36 / 6, ref expression1);
            int temp2 = ResultOf(temp1, d, i % 6, ref expression2, expression1);
            int result = ResultOf(a, temp2, i / 36, ref expression, "", expression2);
            if (result == 24) return true;
        }

        //5.运算顺序：c和d运算，再和b运算，再和a运算
        {
            string expression1 = "", expression2 = "";
            int temp1 = ResultOf(c, d, i % 6, ref expression1);
            int temp2 = ResultOf(b, temp1, i % 36 / 6, ref expression2, "", expression1);
            int result = ResultOf(a, temp2, i / 36, ref expression, "", expression2);
            if (result == 24) return true;
        }
    }

    expression = "Abandoned";
    return false;
}

/// <summary>
/// 求两数进行某一四则运算后的结果
/// </summary>
/// <param name="x">数字1</param>
/// <param name="y">数字2</param>
/// <param name="method">（0-5分别代表：加、减、被减、乘以、除以、除）</param>
/// <param name="expression">返回的表达式</param>
/// <param name="expressionLeft">数字1表达式</param>
/// <param name="expressionRight">数字2表达式</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static int ResultOf(int x, int y, int method,
    ref string expression, string expressionLeft = "", string expressionRight = "")
{
    //左右表达式之前被判定为无效则不计算，除数为0时不计算
    if (expressionLeft == "Abandoned" || expressionRight == "Abandoned" ||
        (x == 0 && method == 5) || (y == 0 && method == 4))
    {
        expression = "Abandoned";
        return -1;
    }

    int result = 0;
    switch (method)
    {
        case 0:
            {
                //加
                result = x + y;
                expression = string.Format("{0}+{1}",
                    expressionLeft == "" ? x.ToString() : expressionLeft,
                    expressionRight == "" ? y.ToString() : expressionRight);
            }
            break;
        case 1:
            {
                //减
                result = x - y;
                expression = string.Format("{0}-{1}",
                    expressionLeft == "" ? x.ToString() : expressionLeft,
                    expressionRight == "" ? y.ToString() : expressionRight);
            }
            break;
        case 2:
            {
                //被减
                result = y - x;
                expression = string.Format("{1}-{0}",
                    expressionLeft == "" ? x.ToString() : expressionLeft,
                    expressionRight == "" ? y.ToString() : expressionRight);
            }
            break;
        case 3:
            {
                //乘以
                result = x * y;
                expression = string.Format("({0})*({1})",
                    expressionLeft == "" ? x.ToString() : expressionLeft,
                    expressionRight == "" ? y.ToString() : expressionRight);
            }
            break;
        case 4:
            {
                //除以
                if (x % y == 0)
                {
                    result = x / y;
                    expression = string.Format("({0})/({1})",
                        expressionLeft == "" ? x.ToString() : expressionLeft,
                        expressionRight == "" ? y.ToString() : expressionRight);
                }
                else
                {
                    expression = "Abandoned";
                }
            }
            break;
        case 5:
            {
                //除
                if (y % x == 0)
                {
                    result = y / x;
                    expression = string.Format("({1})/({0})",
                        expressionLeft == "" ? x.ToString() : expressionLeft,
                        expressionRight == "" ? y.ToString() : expressionRight);
                }
                else
                {
                    expression = "Abandoned";
                }
            }
            break;
    }

    //运算不合法，则返回-1，表达式为Abandoned，
    if (expression == "Abandoned")
    {
        return -1;
    }

    return result;
}

3.Main函数调用

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    string s = "";
    bool try24;

    try24 = Try24(1, 2, 3, 4, ref s); Console.WriteLine("1,2,3,4: " + s);
    try24 = Try24(1, 3, 5, 7, ref s); Console.WriteLine("1,3,5,7: " + s);
    try24 = Try24(2, 3, 6, 4, ref s); Console.WriteLine("2,3,6,4: " + s);
    try24 = Try24(5, 7, 9, 4, ref s); Console.WriteLine("5,7,9,4: " + s);
    try24 = Try24(6, 3, 4, 5, ref s); Console.WriteLine("6,3,4,5: " + s);
    try24 = Try24(9, 5, 2, 7, ref s); Console.WriteLine("9,5,2,7: " + s);
    try24 = Try24(4, 9, 8, 3, ref s); Console.WriteLine("4,9,8,3: " + s);
    try24 = Try24(4, 9, 8, 2, ref s); Console.WriteLine("4,9,8,2: " + s);
    try24 = Try24(10, 10, 10, 10, ref s); Console.WriteLine("10,10,10,10: " + s);

    Console.ReadLine();
}

4.程序运行结果

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/Tsybius2014/blog/229145