linux下使用libxml2库读写XML文件

一、安装libxml2库

在linux对XML文件进行增、删、改、查，需要使用库libxml2

这个库可以在地址：ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/sources/libxml2/2.6/ 下载，

我下载的文件是libxml2-2.6.30.tar.gz，将它放到到自己的Linux环境中，解压文件：

tar -xzvf libxml2-2.6.30.tar.gz

进入解压后的文件，依次输入命令安装：

./configure
make
make install

如果想检查安装效果可以输入命令：

make tests

卸载已安装的库可以输入命令

make uninstall

安装后的库，会被安放在两个地方：

*.h文件会被放到地址 /usr/local/include/libxml2/libxml

*.so文件会被放到地址 /usr/local/lib

二、源码一（a.cpp）

a.cpp建立了一个XML文档，根节点List，下面有2个Person，每个Person下有若干属性和若干Achievement作为子结点

#include<stdio.h>

#include<libxml/parser.h>
#include<libxml/tree.h>

int main()
{
    //建立XML文档和根结点
    xmlDocPtr doc = xmlNewDoc(BAD_CAST"1.0");
    xmlNodePtr root = xmlNewNode(NULL, BAD_CAST"List");

    //将根节点绑定到XML文档
    xmlDocSetRootElement(doc, root);

    //建立Person结点，为其安装四个属性
    xmlNodePtr nodeTsybius = xmlNewNode(NULL, BAD_CAST"Person");
    xmlNewProp(nodeTsybius, BAD_CAST"Id", BAD_CAST"1001");
    xmlNewProp(nodeTsybius, BAD_CAST"Name", BAD_CAST"Tsybius");
    xmlNewProp(nodeTsybius, BAD_CAST"Sex", BAD_CAST"Male");
    xmlNewProp(nodeTsybius, BAD_CAST"Age", BAD_CAST"23");
    xmlAddChild(root, nodeTsybius);

    //在Person结点下安放子结点，并为子节点添加内容
    xmlNewTextChild(nodeTsybius, NULL, BAD_CAST"Achievement", BAD_CAST"ABC Rank 2");
    xmlNewTextChild(nodeTsybius, NULL, BAD_CAST"Achievement", BAD_CAST"DEF Rank 4");

    xmlNodePtr nodeGalatea = xmlNewNode(NULL, BAD_CAST"Person");
    xmlNewProp(nodeGalatea, BAD_CAST"Id", BAD_CAST"1002");
    xmlNewProp(nodeGalatea, BAD_CAST"Name", BAD_CAST"Galatea");
    xmlNewProp(nodeGalatea, BAD_CAST"Sex", BAD_CAST"Female");
    xmlNewProp(nodeGalatea, BAD_CAST"Age", BAD_CAST"21");
    xmlAddChild(root, nodeGalatea);

    xmlNewTextChild(nodeGalatea, NULL, BAD_CAST"Achievement", BAD_CAST"ABC Rank 1");
    xmlNewTextChild(nodeGalatea, NULL, BAD_CAST"Achievement", BAD_CAST"XYZ Rank 2");
    xmlNewTextChild(nodeGalatea, NULL, BAD_CAST"Achievement", BAD_CAST"MNOP Rank 5");
    
    //保存XML文档
    int nRel = xmlSaveFile("List.xml", doc);
    if(nRel != -1)
    {
        printf("List.xml: Created Successfully!\n");
    }

    //释放资源
    xmlFreeDoc(doc);
    xmlCleanupParser();

    return 0;
}

三、源码二（b.cpp）

b.cpp对a.cpp中建立的XML文档进行修改

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

#include<libxml/parser.h>
#include<libxml/tree.h>

#define spc(level) PrintSpace(level)

//输出缩进用的空格（4个）
void PrintSpace(int level)
{
    for(int counter = 0; counter < level; counter++)
    {
        printf("    ");
    }
}

//主函数
int main()
{
    //打开XML文件
    xmlDocPtr doc = xmlParseFile("List.xml");
    if(doc == NULL)
    {
        printf("Error: Can not open List.xml\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    //找到首结点
    xmlNodePtr root = xmlDocGetRootElement(doc);
    if(root == NULL)
    {
        printf("Error: Can not find the root!\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    xmlNodePtr person; //Person结点指针
    xmlNodePtr achivm; //Achievement结点指针

    //遍历一个Person结点
    spc(0); printf("Name: %s\n", root -> name);

    person = root -> children;

    //逐个找出属性
    spc(1); printf("Node: %s\n", person -> name);
    spc(2); printf("Id: %s\n", xmlGetProp(person, BAD_CAST "Id")); 
    spc(2); printf("Name: %s\n", xmlGetProp(person, BAD_CAST "Name")); 
    spc(2); printf("Sex: %s\n", xmlGetProp(person, BAD_CAST "Sex")); 
    spc(2); printf("Age: %s\n", xmlGetProp(person, BAD_CAST "Age"));

    //用循环遍历子节点，打印内容
    for(achivm = person -> children; achivm; achivm = achivm -> next)
    {
        spc(3); 
        printf("Node: %s\t", achivm -> name);
        printf("Content: %s\t", (char*)xmlNodeGetContent(achivm));
        printf("End\n");
    }

    spc(1); printf("End\n");

    //一个Person结点遍历结束
    //转到下一个Person结点
    person = person -> next;

    //查看某属性是否与某字符串相等
    if(xmlStrcmp(xmlGetProp(person, BAD_CAST "Name"), (const xmlChar*)"Galate"))
    {
        spc(1); printf(">> The next person is Galatea!\n");
    }
    else
    {
        spc(1); printf(">> The next person is not Galatea!\n");
    }

    //查看某结点是否有某属性
    if(xmlHasProp(person, BAD_CAST "Height"))
    {
        spc(1); printf(">> The node person has attribute: Height!\n");
    }
    else
    {
        spc(1); printf(">> The next person does not have attribute: Height!\n");
    }

    //修改属性（Attribute）
    xmlSetProp(person, (const xmlChar*)"Age", (const xmlChar*)"22");
    spc(1); printf(">> Change Galatea's age from 21 to 22!\n");

    //修改子结点中的内容（Content）
    xmlNodeSetContent(person -> children, (const xmlChar*) "NEW Rank 1");
    spc(1); printf(">> Change Galatea's 1st achievement to NEW Rank 1\n");


    //打印修改后的person结点
    spc(1); printf("Node: %s\n", person -> name);
    spc(2); printf("Id: %s\n", xmlGetProp(person, BAD_CAST "Id")); 
    spc(2); printf("Name: %s\n", xmlGetProp(person, BAD_CAST "Name")); 
    spc(2); printf("Sex: %s\n", xmlGetProp(person, BAD_CAST "Sex")); 
    spc(2); printf("Age: %s\n", xmlGetProp(person, BAD_CAST "Age"));     

    for(achivm = person -> children; achivm; achivm = achivm -> next)
    {
        spc(3); 
        printf("Node: %s\t", achivm -> name);
        printf("Content: %s\t", (char*)xmlNodeGetContent(achivm));
        printf("End\n");
    }

    spc(1); printf("End\n");

    spc(0); printf("End\n");

    xmlFree(achivm);
    xmlFree(person);
    xmlFree(root);
    xmlFree(doc);
    xmlCleanupParser();

    return 0;
}

四、编译

在a.cpp和b.cpp同一个目录下建立一个文件compile.sh，内容如下：

#!/bin/sh

echo compiling...

g++ a.cpp -I/usr/local/include/libxml2 -L/usr/local/lib -lxml2 -o a
g++ b.cpp -I/usr/local/include/libxml2 -L/usr/local/lib -lxml2 -o b

echo run a...
./a
cat List.xml

echo run b...
./b

exit 0

在命令行中输入下面命令编译a.cpp和b.cpp

/bin/sh compile.sh

五、运行结果

END

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/Tsybius2014/blog/309665