**保留字
下面关键字为保留字,在它们没有被引起来时对shell具有特殊的含义:
if then else elif fi case
esac for while until do done
function in select ! { }
time
**bash的BNF
以下为bash 2.0的Backus-Naur Form(BNF)语法:
<letter> ::= a|b|c|d|e|f|g|h|i|j|k|l|m|n|o|p|q|r|s|t|u|v|w|x|y|z|
A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M|N|O|P|Q|R|S|T|U|V|W|X|Y|Z
<digit> ::= 0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9
<number> ::= <digit>
| <number> <digit>
<word> ::= <letter>
| <word> <letter>
| <word> '_'
<word_list> ::= <word>
| <word_list> <word>
<assignment_word> ::= <word> '=' <word>
<redirection> ::= '>' <word>
| '<' <word>
| <number> '>' <word>
| <number> '<' <word>
| '>>' <word>
| <number> '>>' <word>
| '<<' <word>
| <number> '<<' <word>
| '<&' <number>
| <number> '<&' <number>
| '>&' <number>
| <number> '>&' <number>
| '<&' <word>
| <number> '<&' <word>
| '>&' <word>
| <number> '>&' <word>
| '<<-' <word>
| <number> '<<-' <word>
| '>&' '-'
| <number> '>&' '-'
| '<&' '-'
| <number> '<&' '-'
| '&>' <word>
| <number> '<>' <word>
| '<>' <word>
| '>|' <word>
| <number> '>|' <word>
<simple_command_element> ::= <word>
| <assignment_word>
| <redirection>
<redirection_list> ::= <redirection>
| <redirection_list> <redirection>
<simple_command> ::= <simple_command_element>
| <simple_command> <simple_command_element>
<command> ::= <simple_command>
| <shell_command>
| <shell_command> <redirection_list>
<shell_command> ::= <for_command>
| <case_command>
| while <compound_list> do <compound_list> done
| until <compound_list> do <compound_list> done
| <select_command>
| <if_command>
| <subshell>
| <group_command>
| <function_def>
<for_command> ::= for <word> <newline_list> do <compound_list> done
| for <word> <newline_list> '{' <compound_list> '}'
| for <word> ';' <newline_list> do <compound_list> done
| for <word> ';' <newline_list> '{' <compound_list> '}'
| for <word> <newline_list> in <word_list> <list_terminator>
<newline_list> do <compound_list> done
| for <word> <newline_list> in <word_list> <list_terminator>
<newline_list> '{' <compound_list> '}'
<select_command> ::= select <word> <newline_list> do <list> done
| select <word> <newline_list> '{' <list> '}'
| select <word> ';' <newline_list> do <list> done
| select <word> ';' <newline_list> '{' list '}'
| select <word> <newline_list> in <word_list>
<list_terminator> <newline_list> do <list> done
| select <word> <newline_list> in <word_list>
<list_terminator> <newline_list> '{' <list> '}'
<case_command> ::= case <word> <newline_list> in <newline_list> esac
| case <word> <newline_list> in <case_clause_sequence>
<newline_list> esac
| case <word> <newline_list> in <case_clause> esac
<function_def> ::= <word> '(' ')' <newline_list> <group_command>
| function <word> '(' ')' <newline_list> <group_command>
| function <word> <newline_list> <group_command>
<subshell> ::= '(' <compound_list> ')'
<if_command> ::= if <compound_list> then <compound_list> fi
| if <compound_list> then <compound_list> else <compound_list> fi
| if <compound_list> then <compound_list> <elif_clause> fi
<group_command> ::= '{' <list> '}'
<elif_clause> ::= elif <compound_list> then <compound_list>
| elif <compound_list> then <compound_list> else <compound_list>
| elif <compound_list> then <compound_list> <elif_clause>
<case_clause> ::= <pattern_list>
| <case_clause_sequence> <pattern_list>
<pattern_list> ::= <newline_list> <pattern> ')' <compound_list>
| <newline_list> <pattern> ')' <newline_list>
| <newline_list> '(' <pattern> ')' <compound_list>
| <newline_list> '(' <pattern> ')' <newline_list>
<case_clause_sequence> ::= <pattern_list> ';;'
| <case_clause_sequence> <pattern_list> ';;'
<pattern> ::= <word>
| <pattern> '|' <word>
<list> ::= <newline_list> <list0>
<compound_list> ::= <list>
| <newline_list> <list1>
<list0> ::= <list1> '\n' <newline_list>
| <list1> '&' <newline_list>
| <list1> ';' <newline_list>
<list1> ::= <list1> '&&' <newline_list> <list1>
| <list1> '||' <newline_list> <list1>
| <list1> '&' <newline_list> <list1>
| <list1> ';' <newline_list> <list1>
| <list1> '\n' <newline_list> <list1>
| <pipeline_command>
<list_terminator> ::= '\n'
| ';'
<newline_list> ::=
| <newline_list> '\n'
<simple_list> ::= <simple_list1>
| <simple_list1> '&'
| <simple_list1> ';'
<simple_list1> ::= <simple_list1> '&&' <newline_list> <simple_list1>
| <simple_list1> '||' <newline_list> <simple_list1>
| <simple_list1> '&' <simple_list1>
| <simple_list1> ';' <simple_list1>
| <pipeline_command>
<pipeline_command> ::= <pipeline>
| '!' <pipeline>
| <timespec> <pipeline>
| <timespec> '!' <pipeline>
| '!' <timespec> <pipeline>
<pipeline> ::=
<pipeline> '|' <newline_list> <pipeline>
| <command>
<time_opt> ::= '-p'
<timespec> ::= time
| time <time_opt>
.XE "BNF (Backus-Naur Form)"
.XE "bash" "syntax, BNF form of"
学习bash第二版-附录四 语法
最新推荐文章于 2018-12-17 14:36:39 发布