一、安装vsftpd软件
yum install vsftpd
二、创建FTP本地用户
useradd -g ftp -s /sbin/nologin ftpuser # 创建登录用户
passwd ftpuser # 修改用户密码
三、设置防火墙白名单
firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=ftp # 允许ftp服务通过
四、查看SELinux的ftp相关配置项
[root@host100 ~]# getsebool -a | grep ftp # 查看ftp相关配置项
ftpd_anon_write --> off
ftpd_connect_all_unreserved --> off
ftpd_connect_db --> off
ftpd_full_access --> off
ftpd_use_cifs --> off
ftpd_use_fusefs --> off
ftpd_use_nfs --> off
ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off
httpd_can_connect_ftp --> off
httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off
tftp_anon_write --> off
tftp_home_dir --> off
五、开启ftpd_full_access配置
setsebool -P ftpd_full_access on
六、查看SELinux的ftp相关配置项
[root@host100 ~]# getsebool -a | grep ftp # 查看ftp相关配置项
ftpd_anon_write --> off
ftpd_connect_all_unreserved --> off
ftpd_connect_db --> off
ftpd_full_access --> on
ftpd_use_cifs --> off
ftpd_use_fusefs --> off
ftpd_use_nfs --> off
ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off
httpd_can_connect_ftp --> off
httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off
tftp_anon_write --> off
tftp_home_dir --> off
七、编辑vsftpd配置文件
vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
修改以下几点：
anonymous_enable=NO # 禁用匿名用户
chroot_local_user=YES # 将用户锁定在自己的主目录下，不可访问其它目录
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
配置文件如下：
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
八、启动vsftpd服务
systemctl start vsftpd.service
常用命令：
systemctl start vsftpd.service # 启动服务
systemctl restart vsftpd.service # 重启服务
systemctl stop vsftpd.service # 停止服务
systemctl enable vsftpd.service # 设置开机自启
九、测试安装是否成功
浏览器访问：ftp://181.111.111.100/ （ftp://ip）
命令提示符访问：
Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.17134.407]
(c) 2018 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。
C:\Users\ThinkPad>ftp 181.111.111.100
连接到 181.111.111.100。
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
200 Always in UTF8 mode.
用户(181.111.111.100:(none)): ftpuser
331 Please specify the password.
密码:
230 Login successful.
ftp> put D://ftptest.txt
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Ok to send data.
226 Transfer complete.
ftp: 发送 16 字节，用时 0.00秒 16000.00千字节/秒。
ftp> mkdir ftpfiles
257 "/ftpfiles" created
ftp> cd ftpfiles
250 Directory successfully changed.
ftp> put D://ftptest.txt
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Ok to send data.
226 Transfer complete.
ftp: 发送 16 字节，用时 0.00秒 16000.00千字节/秒。
ftp> get ftptest.txt
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for ftptest.txt (16 bytes).
226 Transfer complete.
ftp: 收到 16 字节，用时 0.00秒 16000.00千字节/秒。
ftp> ls
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Here comes the directory listing.
ftptest.txt
226 Directory send OK.
ftp: 收到 16 字节，用时 0.00秒 4.00千字节/秒。
ftp>
十、今天搭建FTP服务器一直无法登录。错误如下：
解决办法：vi /etc/pam.d/vsftpd；注释掉如下一行
# auth required pam_shells.so
或者将其改为：
# auth required pam_shells.so
auth required pam_nologin.so
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