MyCat读写分离配置
一、机器准备
192.168.66.138 MyCat中间件
192.178.66.139 Master
192.178.66.140 Slave
192.178.66.141 Slave
二、MySQL主从配置:
1、两台机器安装Mysql
参考:https://my.oschina.net/u/3993922/blog/2966570 中的mysql二进制包安装。
#192.168.66.139机器上:
#wget下载二进制免编译包
cd /usr/local/src
tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.41-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.6.41-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
#创建datadir
mkdir -p /data/mysql
#创建 mysql用户
useradd mysql
#进入 /usr/local/mysql 目录,初始化数据库
cd /usr/local/mysql
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
# 修改datadir 和 basedir 的属主和属组
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql /usr/local/mysql
#复制mysql 启动脚本到 /etc/init.d/目录下
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
#编辑启动脚本,设置对应的 datadir 和 basedir
datadir=/data/mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
#添加到chkconfig服务管理,并设置开机自启动
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysql on
#编辑mysql配置文件 /etc/my.cnf 内容如下:
[mysqld]
#其它选项保持默认即可
datadir=/data/mysql/
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
# 启动mysql
service mysqld start
# 设置mysql命令环境变量
echo "export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/porfile
. /etc/profile
# 修改mysql密码
mysqladmin -uroot password "123456"
#140、141上配置与139上一样
2、主从配置
参考:https://my.oschina.net/u/3993922/blog/2994392 。
#启动139,140,141 三台主机的mysql服务
#编辑139机器上/etc/my.cnf文件加入以下内容:
server-id=139
log_bin=BigTest
#重启mysql服务
#在139机器上创建一个用于主从同步的用户
mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.66.%' identified by '123456';
#锁表
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
#查看master状态
mysql show master status;
#再编辑140主机的/etc/my.cnf 配置文件内容:
server-id=140
#重启mysqld服务,进入mysql命令行进行slave配置
#停止slave
mysql> stop slave;
#配置slave参数
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.66.139', master_user='repl', master_password='123456', master_log_file='BigTest.000002', master_log_pos=120;
#开启slave
mysql> start slave;
#在140机器查看主从状态是否正常:
mysql> show slave status\G
#同样方法141机器将/etc/my.cnf配置文件中的server-id改为141即可,其他的与139主机的操作相同
#在139机器上解除锁表状态
mysql> unlock tables;
#在139机器上创建所需要的数据库和对应的用户;
mysql> create database discuz;
mysql> create database dedecms;
mysql> create database zrlog;
mysql> create database zabbix;
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'mycat'@'192.168.66.%' identified by '123456'
mysql> grant all on ultrax.* to 'discuz'@'192.168.66.%' identified by '123456'
mysql> grant all on dedecms.* to 'dedecms'@'192.168.66.%' identified by '123456'
mysql> grant all on zrlog.* to 'zrlog'@'192.168.66.%' identified by '123456'
mysql> grant all on zabbix.* to 'zabbix'@'192.168.66.%' identified by '123456'
3、mycat读写分离
#在138机器上 #首先安装jdk环境。 #下载jdk-8u191-linux-x64.tar.gz #解压安装包: tar zxvf jdk-8u191-linux-x64.tar.gz #重命名: mv jdk1.8.0_191 /usr/local/jdk1.8 在/etc/profile中添加环境变量内容为: JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8/ JAVA_BIN=/usr/local/jdk1.8/bin JRE_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8/jre PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/jdk1.8/bin:/usr/local/jdk1.8/jre/bin CLASSPATH=/usr/local/jdk1.8/jre/lib:/usr/local/jdk1.8/lib:/usr/local/jdk1.8/jre/lib/charsets.jar 用source /etc/profile 使添加内容生效。 用java -version产看java环境是否安装成功。 安装mycat 下载二进安装包:Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz 解压:tar -zxvf Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz mv mycat /usrlocal/mycat1.6 进入目录:cd /usr/local/mycat1.6/conf
编辑:server.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations under the License. --> <!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd"> <mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> <system> <property name="useSqlStat">0</property> <!-- 1为开启实时统计、0为关闭 --> <property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0</property> <!-- 1为开启全加班一致性检测、0为关闭 --> <property name="sequnceHandlerType">2</property> <!-- <property name="useCompression">1</property>--> <!--1为开启mysql压缩协议--> <!-- <property name="fakeMySQLVersion">5.6.20</property>--> <!--设置模拟的MySQL版本号--> <!-- <property name="processorBufferChunk">40960</property> --> <!-- <property name="processors">1</property> <property name="processorExecutor">32</property> --> <!--默认为type 0: DirectByteBufferPool | type 1 ByteBufferArena--> <property name="processorBufferPoolType">0</property> <!--默认是65535 64K 用于sql解析时最大文本长度 --> <!--<property name="maxStringLiteralLength">65535</property>--> <!--<property name="sequnceHandlerType">0</property>--> <!--<property name="backSocketNoDelay">1</property>--> <!--<property name="frontSocketNoDelay">1</property>--> <!--<property name="processorExecutor">16</property>--> <!-- <property name="serverPort">8066</property> <property name="managerPort">9066</property> <property name="idleTimeout">300000</property> <property name="bindIp">0.0.0.0</property> <property name="frontWriteQueueSize">4096</property> <property name="processors">32</property> --> <!--分布式事务开关,0为不过滤分布式事务,1为过滤分布式事务(如果分布式事务内只涉及全局表,则不过滤),2为不过滤分布式事务,但是记录分布式事务日志--> <property name="handleDistributedTransactions">0</property> <!-- off heap for merge/order/group/limit 1开启 0关闭 --> <property name="useOffHeapForMerge">1</property> <!-- 单位为m --> <property name="memoryPageSize">1m</property> <!-- 单位为k --> <property name="spillsFileBufferSize">1k</property> <property name="useStreamOutput">0</property> <!-- 单位为m --> <property name="systemReserveMemorySize">384m</property> <!--是否采用zookeeper协调切换 --> <property name="useZKSwitch">true</property> </system> <!-- 全局SQL防火墙设置 --> <!-- <firewall> <whitehost> <host host="127.0.0.1" user="mycat"/> <host host="127.0.0.2" user="mycat"/> </whitehost> <blacklist check="false"> </blacklist> </firewall> --> <user name="mycat"> <property name="password">123456</property> <property name="schemas">zabbix,zrlog,dedecms,discuz</property> </user> <user name="zabbix"> <property name="password">123456</property> <property name="schemas">zabbix</property> </user> <user name="discuz"> <property name="password">123456</property> <property name="schemas">discuz</property> </user> <user name="dedecms"> <property name="password">123456</property> <property name="schemas">dedecms</property> </user> <user name="zrlog"> <property name="password">123456</property> <property name="schemas">zrlog</property> </user> </mycat:server>
编辑:schmea.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> <schema name="zrlog" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1"> </schema> <schema name="dedecms" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn2"> </schema> <schema name="discuz" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn3"> </schema> <schema name="zabbix" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn4"> </schema> <!-- <dataNode name="dn1$0-743" dataHost="localhost1" database="db$0-743" /> --> <dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="192.168.66.139" database="zrlog" /> <dataNode name="dn2" dataHost="192.168.66.139" database="dedecms" /> <dataNode name="dn3" dataHost="192.168.66.139" database="discuz" /> <dataNode name="dn4" dataHost="192.168.66.139" database="zabbix" /> <dataHost name="192.168.66.139" maxCon="2000" minCon="1" balance="3" writeType="1" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <!-- can have multi write hosts --> <writeHost host="hostM1" url="192.168.66.139:3306" user="mycat" password="123456"> <!-- can have multi read hosts --> <readHost host="hostS1" url="192.168.66.140:3306" user="mycat" password="123456" /> <readHost host="hostS2" url="192.168.66.141:3306" user="mycat" password="123456" /> </writeHost> <!-- <writeHost host="hostM2" url="localhost:3316" user="root" password="123456"/> --> </dataHost> </mycat:schema>
启动:mycat
/usr/local/mycat1.6/bin/mycat start
#查看8066和8099端口是否起来;
netstat -lntp
#登录管理端口查看数据源
mysql -umycat -p123456 -h192.168.66.139 -P9066
mysql> show @@datasource;
三、MySQL数据备份
用innobackex备份mysql数据。
安装yum拓展源percona-release
rpm -ivh http://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/redhat/0.1-3/percona-release-0.1-3.noarch.rpm
安装percona-xtrabackup
yum install percona-xtrabackup
创建mysql备份用户:backupuser
创建备份目录:/data/backup/mysql
mkdir -p /data/backup/mysql/backupfull mkdir -p /data/backup/mysql/backupadd mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql> grant all on *.* to 'backupuser'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
备份脚本:
vim /usr/local/sbin/mysqlbackup.sh
#!/bin/bash
#获取当天是周几
week=`date +%w`
#全量备份目录
full_dir=/data/backup/mysql/backupfull/
#增量备份目录
inc_dir=/data/backup/mysql/backupadd/
if [ $week -eq 0 ] || ! `ls $full_dir | grep -q '.'`
then
#如果是周日,或者全量备份目录为空,执行全量备份
innobackupex --default-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=123456 /data/backup/mysql/xfull
exit
elif [ $week -eq 1 ] || ! `ls $inc_dir | grep -q '.'`
then
#如果是周一,或者增量备份目录为空,获取前一次全量备份的目录,进行增量备份
last_dir=`ls -ltr $full_dir|tail -1`
innobackupex --default-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=123456 --incemental $inc_dir --incremental-basedir=$full_dir
exit
else
#周二到周六,获取最后一次增量备份目录,然后基于上一次增量备份再次增量备份
last_dir=`ls -ltr $inc_dir|tail -1`
innobackupex --default-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=123456 --incemental $inc_dir --incremental-basedir=$last_dir
fi
更改脚本权限:
chmod a+x /usr/local/sbin/mysqlbackup.sh
加入计划任务crontab
crontab -e 0 3 * * * mysql /bin/bash /usr/local/sbin/mysqlbackup.sh >> /tmp/mysqlbackup.log 2>>&1 #把备份文件同步到备份服务器 0 4 * * * mysql rsync -avL --delete /data/backup/mysql 192.168.66.138:/tmp/backup/mysql
#启动crond和rsync服务。 systemctl start crond rsync --daemon
四、制定代码、静态文件的备份方案,并写备份脚本,要求把备份数据传输到备份服务器
用expect实现文件备份、传送到备份服务器,也可实现数据丢失两小时恢复。
在备份服务器(192.168.66.139)中:
#vi /usr/local/sbin/rsyncBackup.exp #!/usr/bin/expect set host [lindex $argv 0] set file [lindex $argv 1] spawn rsync -aLz $file root@$host:/data/backup/$file expect { "yes/no" { send "yes\r"} "password:" { send "123456\r" } } expect eof
shell
vi /usr/local/sbin/rsyncBackup.sh #!/bin/bash [ -d /data/backup ] || mkdir -p /data/backup ip="$1" webDir="$2" d=`date +%F" "%T` for dir in `cat $webDir` do /usr/local/sbinrsyncBackup.exp $ip $dir done echo "websiteBackup ip:$ip time:$d;" >> /tmp/web_rsyncbackup.log
webDir
#vi /usr/local/sbin/webDir.txt /usr/local/nginx/conf /usr/local/tomcat/conf /data/wwwroot/discuz.com /data/wwwroot/dedecms.com /data/wwwroot/zrlog.com /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
创建备份文件目录、更改相关脚本的权限。
chmod a+x /usr/local/sbin/rsyncBackup.sh chmod a+x /usr/local/sbin/rsyncBackup.exp
添加到计划任务。
0 */2 * * * root /bin/bash /usr/local/rsyncBackup.sh >> /tmp/rsyncbackup.log 2>> /tmp/rsyncbackup.err