简单ALV得演示

一、ALV相关概念

ALV――ABAP LIST VIEWER，这里我们姑且称之为ABAP表单浏览器，用它可以标准化，简单化R/3系统中的表单，它可以提供给用户一个统一的表单格式以及用户接口。

二、程序的编写

 1．写一个ALV程序的基本流程：

   第一步：定义将要用到的表，即TALBES定义部分，然后定义TYPE-POOLS: SLIS.

   第二步：定义第一步中提到的这些数据类型或者内表的实体对象 ，内表结构    

   第三步：定义一些需要用到的变量

   第四步： 定义自己的选择屏幕

   第五步： start-of-selection部分

            1用一个子函数完成自己所需要数据的抓取，也可以直接取数

            2用一个子函数完成要显示列表的列名行（第一行）的相关赋值（i_fieldcat_alv）以及设置

            3用一个子函数完成输出格式的设置(i_layout)，比如双击一条记录是否弹出对话框啊？是用哪个功能键触发等等

            4用一个子函数FORM DISPLAY_DATA来显示上面我们已经分别封装好的数据，需要调用两个常用的FUNCTION MODULE：

               FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'    “用来显示表单数据

               FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'  “用来显示表单标题

            5定义某些事件

            6定义排序

            7定义ALV报表可编辑及更新数据库表

2．在我们写ALV程序的时候，有一个类型组是肯定要用到的：

   TYPE-POOLS：SLIS。

   在这个类型组中有很多ALV的自定义数据类型以及结构化数据类型（通过TYPE来定义的），我们在写ALV表单的时候需要调用的。我们常用的几个有（蓝色部分）：

3. 两个重要的数据结构

（1）catalogt属性 （每列对应一个这样的结构slis_fieldcat_alv，所有的列信息存储到内表中slis_t_fieldcat_alv）

fieldname	内表字段
coltext	显示的列头
just	对齐方式(R,L,C)
seltext	提示信息
emphasize	输入列的颜色, Cxyz 如果后面不设置那么前列后填充后列
no_merging	排序时不合并
no_zero	消除‘0’输出
no_sign	消除正负号
hotspot	输入热区,小手+下划线 (填充后列)
do_sum=‘X’	列合计(设置后初始化便出现合计了)
no_sum=’X’	禁止列合计
checkbox	输出一个checkbox 不能更改
col_pos	列输出位置
inttype	列的数据类型
col_pos	输出列
tabname	标签名称
currency(5)	货币单位
quantity(3)	计量单位
qfieldname	参考计量单位的字段名称
round	ROUND 值
exponent(3)	流动表示的指数
key(1)	关键字段
icon(1)	作为图标输出
symbol(1)	输出作为符号
checkbox(1)	作为复选框输出
lzero(1)	输出前导零
no_sign(1)	输出抑制符号
no_zero(1)	为输出隐藏零
edit_mask	为输出编辑掩码
fix_column(1)	固定列
do_sum(1)	总计列值 "汇总，该字段在ALV的最底部汇总
no_out(1)	列没有输出
tech(1)	技术字段
outputlen	列的字符宽度
decimals_out	控制小数点的位数

 

 

（2）Layout 属性（slis_layout_alv 仅是个扁平的结构，存储控制ALV样式的信息）

no_colhead(1) type c,	" no headings 没有标题
no_hotspot(1) type c,	" headings not as hotspot 标题不作为hotspot
zebra(1) type c,	" striped pattern 镶边样式
no_vline(1) type c,	" columns separated by space 行由空间隔线
no_hline(1) type c,	"rows separated by space B20K8A0N5D 列由空间分隔线
cell_merge(1) type c,	" not suppress field replication 不压制领域复制
edit(1) type c,	" for grid only 仅为grid
edit_mode(1) type c,	" for grid only 仅为grid
numc_sum(1) type c,	" totals for NUMC-Fields possib. 数字型字段可集计
no_input(1) type c,	" only display fields 仅显示
f2code like sy-ucomm,	"设置触发弹出详细信息窗口的功能码
reprep(1) type c,	" report report interface active 报告接口激活
no_keyfix(1) type c,	" do not fix keycolumns 不固定关键字列
expand_all(1) type c,	" Expand all positions 扩展所有位置
no_author(1) type c,	" No standard authority check 没有标准用户检查
* PF-status 菜单项
def_status(1) type c,	" default status space or 'A' 缺省状态空间或‘A’
item_text(20) type c,	" Text for item button 文本为项目按钮
* Display options 显示属性
colwidth_optimize(1) type c,
no_min_linesize(1) type c,	" line size = width of the list
min_linesize like sy-linsz,	" if initial min_linesize = 80
max_linesize like sy-linsz,	" Default 250
window_titlebar like sy-title,
no_uline_hs(1) type c,
* Exceptions 扩展
lights_fieldname type slis_fieldname,	" fieldname for exception 扩展字段名
lights_tabname type slis_tabname,	" fieldname for exception 扩展字段名
lights_rollname like dfies-rollname,	" rollname f. exceptiondocu
lights_condense(1) type c,	" fieldname for exception 扩展字段名
* Sums 合计
no_sumchoice(1) type c,	" no choice for summing up 无可选择总计
no_totalline(1) type c,	" no total line 没有合计行
no_subchoice(1) type c,	" no choice for subtotals 无可选择子合计
no_subtotals(1) type c,	" no subtotals possible 没有子合计
no_unit_splitting type c,	" no sep. tot.lines by inh.units
totals_before_items type c,	" diplay totals before the items 在明细前显示合计
totals_only(1) type c,	" show only totals 只显示合计
totals_text(60) type c,	" text for 1st col. in total line 合计行第一列文本
subtotals_text(60) type c,	" text for 1st col. in subtotals 子合计行第一列文本
* Interaction 继承
box_fieldname type slis_fieldname,	" fieldname for checkbox
box_tabname type slis_tabname,	" tabname for checkbox
box_rollname like dd03p-rollname,	" rollname for checkbox
expand_fieldname type slis_fieldname,	" fieldname flag 'expand'
hotspot_fieldname type slis_fieldname,	" fieldname flag hotspot
confirmation_prompt,	" confirm. prompt when leaving
key_hotspot(1) type c,	" keys as hotspot " K_KEYHOT
flexible_key(1) type c,	" key columns movable,...
group_buttons(1) type c,	" buttons for COL1 - COL5
get_selinfos(1) type c,	" read selection screen
group_change_edit(1) type c,	" Settings by user for new group
no_scrolling(1) type c,	" no scrolling
* Detailed screen 屏幕详细
detail_popup(1) type c,	" show detail in popup 弹出显示明细
detail_initial_lines(1) type c,	" show also initial lines 显示初始行
detail_titlebar like sy-title,	" Titlebar for detail 详细标题栏
* Display variants 显示变量
header_text(20) type c,	" Text for header button 标题按钮文本
default_item(1) type c,	" Items as default 默认明细
* colour 颜色
info_fieldname type slis_fieldname,	" infofield for listoutput
coltab_fieldname type slis_fieldname,	" colors
* others 其它
list_append(1) type c,	" no call screen
xifunckey type aqs_xikey,	" eXtended interaction(SAPQuery)
xidirect type flag,	" eXtended INTeraction(SAPQuery)
dtc_layout type dtc_s_layo,	"Layout for configure the Tabstip
allow_switch_to_list(1) type c,	"ACC: Switch Fullscreen to List

 下面直接上代码

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report YPMRP010_ALV01
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
REPORT YPMRP010_ALV01.
*-----设定变量-------*
TYPE-POOLS:SLIS.
TABLES:VBAP.
*定义ALV结构
DATA:LT_FIELDCAT TYPE  SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV."FIELDCAT内表
DATA:LS_FIELDCAT TYPE SLIS_FIELDCAT_ALV."FIELDCAT工作区
DATA:LS_LAYOUT TYPE SLIS_LAYOUT_ALV."ALV控制结构体：layout
DATA:LT_EVENT TYPE SLIS_T_EVENT."事件内表
DATA:LS_EVENT TYPE SLIS_ALV_EVENT."事件工作区
DATA:LT_SORT TYPE SLIS_T_SORTINFO_ALV. "用于排序的内表
DATA:LS_SORT TYPE SLIS_SORTINFO_ALV."用于排序的工作区
DATA:LS_SETTING TYPE LVC_S_GLAY."ALV 控制: 退出可编辑单元格时回调
*定义内表结构
TYPES:BEGIN OF TY_ALVSHOW,
        VBELN LIKE VBAK-VBELN,
        ERDAT LIKE VBAK-ERDAT,
        ERNAM LIKE VBAK-ERNAM,
        KUNNR LIKE  VBAK-KUNNR,
        POSNR LIKE VBAP-POSNR,
        MATNR LIKE VBAP-MATNR,
        MATKL LIKE VBAP-MATKL,
        ZMENG LIKE VBAP-ZMENG,
        ZIEME LIKE VBAP-ZIEME,
        WERKS LIKE VBAP-WERKS,
        LGORT LIKE VBAP-LGORT,
      END OF TY_ALVSHOW.
*定义内表及工作区
DATA:IT_ALVSHOW TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TY_ALVSHOW.
DATA:WA_ALVSHOW TYPE TY_ALVSHOW.
DATA:IT_ALVSHOW1 TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TY_ALVSHOW.
DATA:WA_ALVSHOW1 TYPE TY_ALVSHOW.
DATA:COL_POS TYPE I.
SELECT-OPTIONS:S_VBELN FOR VBAP-VBELN.
*取数据
SELECT
  VBAK~VBELN  VBAK~ERDAT  VBAK~ERNAM  VBAK~KUNNR  VBAP~POSNR  VBAP~MATNR  VBAP~MATKL
  VBAP~ZMENG  VBAP~ZIEME  VBAP~WERKS  VBAP~LGORT  FROM VBAK
  INNER JOIN VBAP ON VBAK~VBELN = VBAP~VBELN
*  INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE IT_ALVSHOW WHERE VBAK~VBELN IN S_VBELN.
  INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE IT_ALVSHOW UP TO 5 ROWS.
IT_ALVSHOW1 = IT_ALVSHOW.
*ALV格式控制layout
LS_LAYOUT-ZEBRA = 'X'.
LS_LAYOUT-DETAIL_POPUP = 'X'.
LS_LAYOUT-DETAIL_TITLEBAR = '详细信息'.
LS_LAYOUT-F2CODE = '&ETA'.
LS_LAYOUT-COLWIDTH_OPTIMIZE = 'X'.
*  fieldcat
COL_POS = 0.
*销售凭证列
COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'VBELN'.
LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
LS_FIELDCAT-KEY = 'X'.
LS_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M = '销售凭证'.
APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*创建日期
COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'ERDAT'.
LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
LS_FIELDCAT-REF_TABNAME  = 'VBAK'.
APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*创建者
COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'ERNAM'.
LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
LS_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M = '创建人'.
APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*售达方 自己起字段描述
COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'KUNNR'.
LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
LS_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M = '客户'.
APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*售达方1  参考数据字典表名
COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'KUNNR'.
LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
LS_FIELDCAT-REF_TABNAME = 'VBAK'.
APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*行号
COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'POSNR'.
LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
LS_FIELDCAT-REF_TABNAME = 'VBAP'.
APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*物料
COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'MATNR'.
LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
LS_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M = '物料编码'.
APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*物料组
COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'MATKL'.
LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
LS_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M = '物料组'.
APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*数量
COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'ZMENG'.
LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
LS_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M = '数量'.
LS_FIELDCAT-DO_SUM = 'X'. "总计
LS_FIELDCAT-EDIT = 'X'. "总计
LS_FIELDCAT-DECIMALS_OUT = 3. "因为当编辑数量的时候，如果是小数，要指定小数位，否则输入数据之后回车会自动缩小，如果使用ref则不需要设置

APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*单位
COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'ZIEME'.
LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
LS_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M = '单位'.
APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*工厂
COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'WERKS'.
LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
LS_FIELDCAT-REF_TABNAME = 'VBAP'.
APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*库位
COL_POS = COL_POS + 1.
LS_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'LGORT'.
LS_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COL_POS.
LS_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M = '库位'.
APPEND LS_FIELDCAT TO LT_FIELDCAT.
CLEAR:LS_FIELDCAT.
*定义事件
LS_EVENT-NAME = 'USER_COMMAND'."用户响应事件
LS_EVENT-FORM = 'FORM_USER_COMMAND'."子例程
APPEND LS_EVENT TO LT_EVENT."加入到事件内表
CLEAR:LS_EVENT.
LS_EVENT-NAME = 'TOP_OF_PAGE'."显示标题
LS_EVENT-FORM = 'FORM_TOP_OF_PAGE'."子例程
APPEND LS_EVENT TO LT_EVENT.
CLEAR:LS_EVENT.
LS_EVENT-NAME = 'PF_STATUS_SET'."设置gui状态栏
LS_EVENT-FORM = 'FORM_PF_STATUS_SET'."子例程
APPEND LS_EVENT TO LT_EVENT.
CLEAR:LS_EVENT.
*排序
LS_SORT-FIELDNAME = 'ERDAT'.
LS_SORT-DOWN = 'X'.
APPEND LS_SORT TO LT_SORT.
LS_SORT-FIELDNAME = 'KUNNR'.
LS_SORT-UP = 'X'.
APPEND LS_SORT TO LT_SORT.
CLEAR:LS_SORT.
*ALV 控制: 退出可编辑单元格时回调
LS_SETTING-EDT_CLL_CB = 'X'.

*显示
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
  EXPORTING
*   I_INTERFACE_CHECK        = ' '
*   I_BYPASSING_BUFFER       = ' '
*   I_BUFFER_ACTIVE          = ' '
    I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM       = SY-REPID
    I_CALLBACK_PF_STATUS_SET = 'SET PF-STATUS '
    I_CALLBACK_USER_COMMAND  = ' USER_COMMAND'
*   I_CALLBACK_TOP_OF_PAGE   = ' '
*   I_CALLBACK_HTML_TOP_OF_PAGE       = ' '
*   I_CALLBACK_HTML_END_OF_LIST       = ' '
*   I_STRUCTURE_NAME         =
*   I_BACKGROUND_ID          = ' '
*   I_GRID_TITLE             =
    I_GRID_SETTINGS          = LS_SETTING  "退出可编辑单元格时回调保存修改的值，修改了值必须要按回车健激活
    IS_LAYOUT                = LS_LAYOUT
    IT_FIELDCAT              = LT_FIELDCAT
*   IT_EXCLUDING             =
*   IT_SPECIAL_GROUPS        =
    IT_SORT                  = LT_SORT
*   IT_FILTER                =
*   IS_SEL_HIDE              =
*   I_DEFAULT                = 'X'
*   I_SAVE                   = ' '
*   IS_VARIANT               =
    IT_EVENTS                = LT_EVENT
*   IT_EVENT_EXIT            =
*   IS_PRINT                 =
*   IS_REPREP_ID             =
*   I_SCREEN_START_COLUMN    = 0
*   I_SCREEN_START_LINE      = 0
*   I_SCREEN_END_COLUMN      = 0
*   I_SCREEN_END_LINE        = 0
*   I_HTML_HEIGHT_TOP        = 0
*   I_HTML_HEIGHT_END        = 0
*   IT_ALV_GRAPHICS          =
*   IT_HYPERLINK             =
*   IT_ADD_FIELDCAT          =
*   IT_EXCEPT_QINFO          =
*   IR_SALV_FULLSCREEN_ADAPTER        =
* IMPORTING
*   E_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_CALLER  =
*   ES_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_USER   =
  TABLES
    T_OUTTAB                 = IT_ALVSHOW
  EXCEPTIONS
    PROGRAM_ERROR            = 1
    OTHERS                   = 2.
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
* Implement suitable error handling here
ENDIF.
"FORM define
FORM FORM_USER_COMMAND USING R_UCOMM LIKE SY-UCOMM
   RS_SELFIELD TYPE SLIS_SELFIELD.
*  DATA:IT_VBAP TYPE TABLE OF VBAP."更新源内表，要和数据库表结构一致  7.5以前可以定义内表
*  DATA:WA_VBAP TYPE VBAP.

*  CASE .
*  	WHEN .
*  	WHEN .
*  	WHEN OTHERS.
*  ENDCASE. 也可以用case

  IF R_UCOMM = '&ADD'.
    MESSAGE '您触发了按钮TEST' TYPE 'I'.
  ENDIF.
  IF R_UCOMM = 'ZSAVE'.
*    SELECT * FROM VBAP INTO TABLE @DATA(LT_VBAP) FOR ALL ENTRIES IN @IT_ALVSHOW"7.5以后可以直接@data内表名
*        WHERE VBELN = @IT_ALVSHOW-VBELN AND POSNR = @IT_ALVSHOW-POSNR.
*    LOOP AT LT_VBAP INTO DATA(WA_VBAP).
*      READ TABLE IT_ALVSHOW INTO WA_ALVSHOW WITH  KEY VBELN = WA_VBAP-VBELN POSNR =  WA_VBAP-POSNR.
*      IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
*        WA_VBAP-ZMENG = WA_ALVSHOW-ZMENG.
*        MODIFY LT_VBAP FROM WA_VBAP.
*        CLEAR:WA_VBAP,WA_ALVSHOW.
*        UPDATE VBAP FROM TABLE LT_VBAP.
*      ENDIF.
*    ENDLOOP.
    DATA:TABLE_DEL TYPE TABLE OF  TY_ALVSHOW.
    DATA:TABLE_ADD TYPE TABLE OF  TY_ALVSHOW.
    DATA:TABLE_MOD TYPE TABLE OF  TY_ALVSHOW.
    DATA:WA_TABLE_MOD TYPE TY_ALVSHOW.
    DATA:NO_CHANGES(1) TYPE C.
    CALL FUNCTION 'CTVB_COMPARE_TABLES' "用于比较更改前后内表的变化，比上面的全部循环更新更有效率
      EXPORTING
        TABLE_OLD  = IT_ALVSHOW1
        TABLE_NEW  = IT_ALVSHOW
        KEY_LENGTH = '2'
*       IF_SORTED  =
      IMPORTING
        TABLE_DEL  = TABLE_DEL
        TABLE_ADD  = TABLE_ADD
        TABLE_MOD  = TABLE_MOD
        NO_CHANGES = NO_CHANGES.
    SELECT * FROM VBAP INTO TABLE @DATA(LT_VBAP) FOR ALL ENTRIES IN @TABLE_MOD"7.5以后可以直接@data内表名
        WHERE VBELN = @TABLE_MOD-VBELN AND POSNR = @TABLE_MOD-POSNR.
    LOOP AT LT_VBAP INTO DATA(WA_VBAP).
      READ TABLE TABLE_MOD INTO WA_TABLE_MOD WITH  KEY VBELN = WA_VBAP-VBELN POSNR =  WA_VBAP-POSNR.
      IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
        WA_VBAP-ZMENG = WA_TABLE_MOD-ZMENG.
        MODIFY LT_VBAP FROM WA_VBAP.
        CLEAR:WA_VBAP,WA_TABLE_MOD.
        UPDATE VBAP FROM TABLE LT_VBAP.
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.

    IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
      COMMIT WORK.  "用于提交数据
      MESSAGE '更新成功' TYPE 'I'.
    ELSE.
      ROLLBACK WORK.
      MESSAGE '更新失败' TYPE 'I'.
    ENDIF.
  ENDIF.
ENDFORM.
FORM   FORM_TOP_OF_PAGE.

  DATA:LT_COMMENTARY TYPE SLIS_T_LISTHEADER,
       WA_COMMENTARY TYPE SLIS_LISTHEADER.
  WA_COMMENTARY-TYP = 'H'.
  WA_COMMENTARY-INFO = '销售凭证'.
  APPEND WA_COMMENTARY TO LT_COMMENTARY.
  CLEAR:WA_COMMENTARY.
  WA_COMMENTARY-TYP = 'S'.
  WA_COMMENTARY-INFO = '销售凭证'.
  APPEND WA_COMMENTARY TO LT_COMMENTARY.
  CLEAR:WA_COMMENTARY.
  WA_COMMENTARY-TYP = 'A'.
  WA_COMMENTARY-INFO = '销售凭证'.
  APPEND WA_COMMENTARY TO LT_COMMENTARY.
  CLEAR:WA_COMMENTARY.
  CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE' "用于ALV标题的显示
    EXPORTING
      IT_LIST_COMMENTARY = LT_COMMENTARY
      I_LOGO             = 'ZTEST1'.
*     I_END_OF_LIST_GRID =
*     I_ALV_FORM         =
ENDFORM.
FORM FORM_PF_STATUS_SET USING RT_EXTAB TYPE SLIS_T_EXTAB.
  SET PF-STATUS'STANDARD'.
ENDFORM.

 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/4092683/blog/3085095