Docker入门使用之二

1.容器管理

使用 docker create -it *** bash 来创建一个容器，但是这个容器并没有启动

[root@chenshi1 ~]# docker create -it centos7 bash
Unable to find image 'centos7:latest' locally
Error response from daemon: pull access denied for centos7, repository does not exist or may require 'docker login'
[root@chenshi1 ~]# docker create -it centos bash
96471d341dfe3ae7be71638a6b121a064cce8df35dfd02704129f70d1b84a4d1
[root@chenshi1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
ce962e9d5282        centos              "/bin/bash"         About a minute ago   Up About a minute                       agitated_jang
[root@chenshi1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS                    PORTS               NAMES
96471d341dfe        centos              "bash"              11 seconds ago       Created                                       zen_jennings
ce962e9d5282        centos              "/bin/bash"         About a minute ago   Up About a minute                             agitated_jang
60c9a5d24759        centos              "/bin/bash"         4 days ago           Exited (137) 4 days ago                       eloquent_panini
b3a906d1c099        centos              "/bin/bash"         4 days ago           Exited (137) 4 days ago                       awesome_golick

启动容器

[root@chenshi1 ~]# docker start 96471d341dfe
96471d341dfe
[root@chenshi1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
96471d341dfe        centos              "bash"              About a minute ago   Up 2 seconds                            zen_jennings
ce962e9d5282        centos              "/bin/bash"         2 minutes ago        Up 2 minutes                            agitated_jang

使用docker run相当于先create再start

进入了一个虚拟终端里面，我们可以运行一些命令，使用命令exit或者ctrl d 退出该bash，当退出后这个容器也会停止。

[root@chenshi1 ~]# docker run -it centos
[root@fae1d00bb1fa /]# ps
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
     1 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
    14 pts/0    00:00:00 ps

docker run -d  可以让容器在后台运行

比如：docker run -d centos bash -c "while :; do echo "123"; sleep 2; done"

docker run --name web -itd centos bash // --name 给容器自定义名字

docker run --rm -it centos bash -c "sleep 30" //--rm 可以让容器退出后直接删除，在这里命令执行完容器就会退出

[root@chenshi1 ~]# docker run -itd --name centos_1 centos bash
20bb5678a7079e4af79eb4d54d724979d02af47ca61d37ae961dd63fabf46522
[root@chenshi1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
20bb5678a707        centos              "bash"              5 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds                            centos_1
96471d341dfe        centos              "bash"              15 minutes ago      Up 13 minutes                           zen_jennings
ce962e9d5282        centos              "/bin/bash"         16 minutes ago      Up 16 minutes                           agitated_jang

使用自定义名字进入容器，不用加id

[root@chenshi1 ~]# docker exec -it centos_1 bash
[root@20bb5678a707 /]# 

docker logs 可以获取到容器的运行历史信息，用法如下

[root@chenshi1 ~]# docker run -itd centos bash -c "echo 123"
c277970f3288d7fc2cc93a0f82a75c9de236a350b4abd01a260528f0e5a17982
[root@chenshi1 ~]# docker logs c277970f3288d7fc2
123

docker attach 可以进入一个后台运行的容器，比如

docker attach  container_id    //但是attach命令不算好用，比如我们想要退出终端，就得exit了，这样容器也就退出了，还有一种方法

docker exec -it container_id  bash  //可以临时打开一个虚拟终端，并且exit后，容器依然运行着

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

docker rm  container_id  //container_id是ps的时候查看到的，这样就可以把container删除，如果是运行的容器，可以加-f 

[root@chenshi1 ~]# docker rm c277970f3288
c277970f3288
[root@chenshi1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
20bb5678a707        centos              "bash"              10 minutes ago      Up 10 minutes                                   centos_1
fae1d00bb1fa        centos              "/bin/bash"         18 minutes ago      Exited (0) 17 minutes ago                       wizardly_newton
96471d341dfe        centos              "bash"              25 minutes ago      Up 24 minutes                                   zen_jennings
ce962e9d5282        centos              "/bin/bash"         26 minutes ago      Up 26 minutes                                   agitated_jang
60c9a5d24759        centos              "/bin/bash"         4 days ago          Exited (137) 4 days ago                         eloquent_panini
b3a906d1c099        centos              "/bin/bash"         4 days ago          Exited (137) 4 days ago                         awesome_golick

 

2.仓库管理

使用docker的时候拉取的容器都是从官方网站上拉取的，提交也是提交到官方网站的仓库中。

docker pull registry   //下载registry 镜像，registy为docker官方提供的一个镜像，我们可以用它来创建本地的docker私有仓库。

[root@chenshi1 ~]# docker pull registry
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/registry
d6a5679aa3cf: Pull complete 
ad0eac849f8f: Pull complete 
2261ba058a15: Pull complete 
f296fda86f10: Pull complete 
bcd4a541795b: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:5a156ff125e5a12ac7fdec2b90b7e2ae5120fa249cf62248337b6d04abc574c8
Status: Downloaded newer image for registry:latest

[root@chenshi1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
centos              latest              75835a67d134        4 weeks ago         200MB
registry            latest              2e2f252f3c88        2 months ago        33.3MB

docker run -d -p 5000:5000 registry   //以registry镜像启动容器，-p会把容器的端口映射到宿主机上，:左边为宿主机监听端口，:右边为容器监听端口

做映射是为了通过外网也能访问容器内对应的端口lnmp中将会用到

[root@chenshi1 ~]# docker run -d -p 5000:5000 registry
212b8ed046e4930416b5d7fc68454528ccd62789def51c3d38c0ddbad5114e38

[root@chenshi1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
212b8ed046e4        registry            "/entrypoint.sh /etc…"   17 seconds ago      Up 16 seconds       0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp   clever_saha

把镜像上传到本地的仓库中

[root@chenshi1 ~]# docker tag centos  192.168.246.128:5000/centos
[root@chenshi1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                    TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
192.168.246.128:5000/centos   latest              75835a67d134        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos                        latest              75835a67d134        4 weeks ago         200MB
registry                      latest              2e2f252f3c88        2 months ago        33.3MB

但是拉取镜像的时候会出错，需要更改配置文件如下

vi /etc/docker/daemon.json//更改为
{ "insecure-registries":["本机ip:5000"] }
systemctl restart docker 

重启服务后需要启动镜像

查看推送上来的镜像

[root@chenshi1 ~]# curl 127.0.0.1:5000/v2/_catalog 
{"repositories":["centos"]}

 

tip：

如何做到在docker启动时启动所有容器？

 

 

 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/3850968/blog/2874881