C#队列学习笔记：RabbitMQ实现客户端相互通讯

一、引言
fanout类型的Exchange，路由规则非常简单：它会把所有发送到该Exchange的消息，路由到所有与它绑定的Queue中。假设有一个聊天室，各个客户端都订阅在同一fanout exchange type，那每个客户端[vb.net教程](https://www.xin3721.com/eschool/VBNetxin3721/)发送出来的消息，所有的客户端都能收到，因为大家都订阅了。此时，只需要简单地限制一下，只有是与我有关的消息，才在聊天界面上显示。这样，即[c#教程](https://www.xin3721.com/eschool/CSharpxin3721/)可达到相互通讯的效果。

二、示例
2.1、环境准备
本示例使用EasyNetQ来实现，请先在NuGet上安装。

2.2、实体类
新建一个实体类MessageBody：

    public class MessageBody
    {
        public string FromUserId { get; set; }
        public string Message { get; set; }
        public string ToUserId { get; set; }
    }

2.3、主窗体
新建一个ChatMain窗体：

代码如下：

    public partial class ChatMain : Form
    {
        public ChatMain()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 客户端 A
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            ChatWith chatWith = new ChatWith(currentUserId: "UserA")
            {
                StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterScreen
            };
            chatWith.Show();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 客户端 B
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            ChatWith chatWith = new ChatWith(currentUserId: "UserB")
            {
                StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterScreen
            };
            chatWith.Show();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 客户端 C
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void Button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

            ChatWith chatWith = new ChatWith(currentUserId: "UserC")
            {
                StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterScreen
            };
            chatWith.Show();

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 客户端 D
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void Button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            ChatWith chatWith = new ChatWith(currentUserId: "UserD")
            {
                StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterScreen
            };
            chatWith.Show();
        }
    }

2.4、客户端窗体
新建一个ChatWith窗体：

代码如下：

public partial class ChatWith : Form
{
    public delegate void ChatWithDelegate();
    public delegate void ChatWithDelegate<T1>(T1 obj1);
    public delegate void ChatWithDelegate<T1, T2>(T1 obj1, T2 obj2);

    public string CurrentUserId { get; }

    private IBus bus;
    public const string ConnStringMQ = "host=192.168.2.242:5672,192.168.2.165:5672;virtualHost=/;username=hello;password=world";
    public const string FanoutExchange = "fanoutEC";

    /// <summary>
    /// 有参构造函数
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="currentUserId"></param>
    public ChatWith(string currentUserId)
    {
        InitializeComponent();

        //在多线程程序中，新创建的线程不能访问UI线程创建的窗口控件。
        //此时若想访问窗体的控件，可将窗体构造函数中的CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls设置为false。
        //这时线程就能安全地访问窗体控件了。
        CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;

        CurrentUserId = currentUserId;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// ShowMessage重载
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="msg"></param>
    private void ShowMessage(string msg)
    {
        if (InvokeRequired)//InvokeRequired：当前线程不是创建控件的线程时为true
        {
            BeginInvoke(new ChatWithDelegate<string>(ShowMessage), msg);
        }
        else
        {
            ListViewItem item = new ListViewItem(new string[] { DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), msg });
            lvwReceiveMsg.Items.Insert(0, item);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// ShowMessage重载
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="toUserId"></param>
    /// <param name="msg"></param>
    private void ShowMessage(string toUserId, string msg)
    {
        if (InvokeRequired)
        {
            BeginInvoke(new ChatWithDelegate<string, string>(ShowMessage), toUserId, msg);
        }
        else
        {
            ListViewItem item = new ListViewItem(new string[] { DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), toUserId, msg });
            lvwReceiveMsg.Items.Insert(0, item);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 绑定队列并订阅
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sender"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    private void ChatWith_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        cmbOnLine.SelectedIndex = 0;
        Text = Text + $"[{CurrentUserId}]";

        //这里不能使用using，否则订阅者立即就释放了，订阅不到消息。
        bus = RabbitHutch.CreateBus(ConnStringMQ);
        {
            if (bus.IsConnected)
            {
                var exchange = bus.Advanced.ExchangeDeclare(name: FanoutExchange, type: ExchangeType.Fanout);
                var queue = bus.Advanced.QueueDeclare(name: $"{FanoutExchange}_queue_{CurrentUserId}");
                bus.Advanced.Bind(exchange: exchange, queue: queue, routingKey: "");

                bus.Advanced.Consume(queue, registration =>
                {
                    registration.Add<MessageBody>((message, info) =>
                    {
                        if (message.Body.ToUserId == CurrentUserId)
                        {
                            ShowMessage(message.Body.FromUserId, message.Body.Message);
                        }
                    });
                });
            }
            else
            {
                ShowMessage("服务器连接失败。");
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 发送
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sender"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    private void btnSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        try
        {
            using (var bus = RabbitHutch.CreateBus(ConnStringMQ))
            {
                if (bus.IsConnected)
                {
                    if (cmbOnLine.Text == "*")//群发
                    {
                        foreach (var item in cmbOnLine.Items.Cast<string>().Where(s => s != "*" && s != CurrentUserId))
                        {
                            var exchange = bus.Advanced.ExchangeDeclare(name: FanoutExchange, type: ExchangeType.Fanout);
                            var messageBody = new MessageBody
                            {
                                FromUserId = CurrentUserId,
                                Message = txtSendMsg.Text,
                                ToUserId = item
                            };
                            bus.Advanced.Publish(exchange: exchange,
                                routingKey: "",
                                mandatory: false,
                                message: new Message<MessageBody>(messageBody));
                        }
                    }
                    else//私聊
                    {
                        var exchange = bus.Advanced.ExchangeDeclare(name: FanoutExchange, type: ExchangeType.Fanout);
                        var messageBody = new MessageBody
                        {
                            FromUserId = CurrentUserId,
                            Message = txtSendMsg.Text,
                            ToUserId = cmbOnLine.Text
                        };
                        bus.Advanced.Publish(exchange: exchange,
                            routingKey: "",
                            mandatory: false,
                            message: new Message<MessageBody>(messageBody));
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    ShowMessage("发送消息失败。");
                }
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            ShowMessage(ex.Message);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 关闭
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sender"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    private void btnClose_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Close();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 窗体关闭事件
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sender"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    private void ChatWith_FormClosed(object sender, FormClosedEventArgs e)
    {
        bus?.Dispose();
    }
}

2.5、运行结果