mysql基础知识

1）mysql存储结构： 数据库 -> 表 -> 数据   sql语句

                    2）管理数据库：

                                            增加： create database 数据库 default character utf8;

                                            删除： drop database 数据库;

                                            修改： alter database 数据库 default character gbk;

                                            查询： show databases / show create database 数据库;

                    3) 管理表：      

                                             选择数据库：use 数据库;

                                             增加： create table 表(字段名1 字段类型,字段名2 字段类型......);

                                             删除： drop table 表;

                                             修改：          

                                                             添加字段： alter table 表 add [column] 字段名 字段类型;               

                                                             删除字段:   alter table 表 drop [column] 字段名;

                                                             修改字段类型： alter table 表 modify 字段名 新的字段类型;

                                                             修改字段名称 ： alter table 表 change 旧字段名 新字段名 字段类型;

                                                    修改表名称：   alter table 表 rename [to] 新表名;

                                            查询：

                                                             show tables  /  desc student;

                   4) 管理数据:

                                     增加： insert into 表(字段1，字段2,。。。) values(值1，值2.。。。。);

                                     删除： delete from 表 where 条件;

                                     修改： update 表 set 字段1=值1，字段2=值2...... where 条件;

                                     查询：

                                                      4.1）所有字段： select * from 表;

                                                      4.2）指定字段： select 字段1,字段2.... from 表;

                                                      4.3)指定别名： select 字段1 as 别名 from 表;

                         4.4 )合并列： select (字段1+字段2) from 表;

                                                      4.5)去重： select distinct 字段 from 表;

                                                      4.6)条件查询：

                                                                      a)逻辑条件 ：and(与)     or（或）

                                                                               select * from 表 where 条件1 and/or 条件2

                                                                 b）比较条件： >  <  >=  <=  =  <>   between and(在。。。之间)

                                                                               select * from 表 where servlet>=90;

                                                                      c）判空条件：

                                                                                判断null： is null   /  is not null

                                                                               判断空字符串： =''    /  <>''

                                                                      d）模糊条件： like

                                                                                 %:  替换任意个字符

                                                                                 _:   替换一个字符                   

                                                     4.7 分页查询：limit 起始行,查询行数

                                                                      起始行从0开始

                                                     4.8 排序： order by 字段 asc/desc

                                                                      asc: 正序，顺序

                                                                      desc：反序，倒序

                                                     4.9 分组查询：group by 字段

                                                     4.10: 分组后筛选： having 条件

                                                    

                                   SQL语句的分类：                 

                                            DDL： 数据定义语言

                                                             create / drop / alter     

                                            DML：数据操作语句

                                                             insert / delete /update / truncate        

                                            DQL： 数据查询语言：

                                               select / show                  

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/2551035/blog/609141