Laravel 源码解读-CSDN博客

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为WEB艺术家创造的框架

由SitePoint发起的2015年最流行WEB框架的调查中，Laravel已巨大的优势获得了商用使用数量、个人项目使用数量的第一名。当之无愧是目前最好的WEB框架之一。那么就让我们来一步一步探究这样优秀的框架究竟是如何实现的吧。

最流行框架投票

入口文件 index.php

一个基于Laravel的应用，当WEB服务器接受到来自外部的请求后，会将这个这个请求解析到应用根目录的 public/index.php 中。

Laravel源码解读-index.php (laravel_index.php) download

 
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57  <?php /**  * Laravel - A PHP Framework For Web Artisans  *  * @package Laravel  * @author Taylor Otwell <taylorotwell@gmail.com>  */  /* |-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Register The Auto Loader |-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Composer provides a convenient, automatically generated class loader for | our application. We just need to utilize it! We'll simply require it | into the script here so that we don't have to worry about manual | loading any of our classes later on. It feels nice to relax. | */  require __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/autoload.php';  /* |-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Turn On The Lights |-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | We need to illuminate PHP development, so let us turn on the lights. | This bootstraps the framework and gets it ready for use, then it | will load up this application so that we can run it and send | the responses back to the browser and delight our users. | */  $app = require_once __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';  /* |-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Run The Application |-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Once we have the application, we can handle the incoming request | through the kernel, and send the associated response back to | the client's browser allowing them to enjoy the creative | and wonderful application we have prepared for them. | */  $kernel = $app->make(Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class);  $response = $kernel->handle(  $request = Illuminate\Http\Request::capture() );  $response->send();  $kernel->terminate($request, $response);  
 
  

第二十一行代码

 
    1  require __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/autoload.php';

为Laravel应用引入了由Composer提供的类加载器，这样Laravel应用便无需再手动加载任何的类。其加载原理不是此次探究的目标，所以仅仅这样使用就好了。接下的代码，便是重点。

Illuminate\Foundation\Application 类

该类的继承结构如下：

类继承结构

第三十五行代码

 
    1  $app = require_once __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';

它将我的视线引入到了另外一个文件中，去看看到底发生了什么吧。

Laravel源码解读-app.php (laravel_app.php) download

 
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55  <?php  /* |-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Create The Application |-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | The first thing we will do is create a new Laravel application instance | which serves as the "glue" for all the components of Laravel, and is | the IoC container for the system binding all of the various parts. | */  $app = new Illuminate\Foundation\Application(  realpath(__DIR__.'/../') );  /* |-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Bind Important Interfaces |-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Next, we need to bind some important interfaces into the container so | we will be able to resolve them when needed. The kernels serve the | incoming requests to this application from both the web and CLI. | */  $app->singleton(  Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class,  App\Http\Kernel::class );  $app->singleton(  Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel::class,  App\Console\Kernel::class );  $app->singleton(  Illuminate\Contracts\Debug\ExceptionHandler::class,  App\Exceptions\Handler::class );  /* |-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Return The Application |-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | This script returns the application instance. The instance is given to | the calling script so we can separate the building of the instances | from the actual running of the application and sending responses. | */  return $app;  
 
  

看第十四行，原来$app是一个 Illuminate\Foundation\Application 对象，那么在创建这个对象的时候又发生了什么呢？

从它的构造方法看起：

Illuminate\Foundation\Application 构造方法

 
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18  /**  * Create a new Illuminate application instance.  *  * @param string|null $basePath  * @return void  */ public function __construct($basePath = null) {  $this->registerBaseBindings();   $this->registerBaseServiceProviders();   $this->registerCoreContainerAliases();   if ($basePath) {  $this->setBasePath($basePath);  } }  
 
  

顺着函数调用，往下看。在这个构造函数中，首先调用了registerBaseBindings方法。

Illuminate\Foundation\Application#registerBaseBindings

 
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13  /**  * Register the basic bindings into the container.  *  * @return void  */ protected function registerBaseBindings() {  static::setInstance($this);   $this->instance('app', $this);   $this->instance('Illuminate\Container\Container', $this); }  
 
  

这段代码，是将实例对象注入到容器中。那么，这个容器是什么呢？答案还是要从这段调用中去寻找。

static::setInstance($this) 所做的就是将 $this 赋值给自身的 instance 静态变量。重点看 $this->instance('app', $this)。

instance 函数的作用是绑定一个已有对象到容器中，这个对象在容器中共享并且可以通过键获取。

Illuminate\Container\Container#instance

 
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29  /**  * Register an existing instance as shared in the container.  *  * @param string $abstract  * @param mixed $instance  * @return void  */ public function instance($abstract, $instance) {  if (is_array($abstract)) {  // $abstract 是这样的一个数组 ['actual key' => 'alias']  list($abstract, $alias) = $this->extractAlias($abstract);   // 实际上的行为是 $this->aliases[$alias] = $abstract;  $this->alias($abstract, $alias);  }   unset($this->aliases[$abstract]);   // 检查是否有这个键是否已经注册到容器中  // $bound 是一个boolean值  $bound = $this->bound($abstract);   $this->instances[$abstract] = $instance;   if ($bound) {  $this->rebound($abstract);  } }  
 
  

视线重新回到Application类中，接下来调用了这个方法 $this->registerBaseServiceProviders()，

Illuminate\Foundation\Application#registerBaseServiceProviders

 
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53  /**  * Register all of the base service providers.  *  * @return void  */ protected function registerBaseServiceProviders() {  $this->register(new EventServiceProvider($this));   $this->register(new RoutingServiceProvider($this)); }  /**  * Register a service provider with the application.  *  * @param \Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider|string $provider  * @param array $options  * @param bool $force  * @return \Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider  */ public function register($provider, $options = [], $force = false) {  if ($registered = $this->getProvider($provider) && !$force) {  return $registered;  }   // If the given "provider" is a string, we will resolve it, passing in the  // application instance automatically for the developer. This is simply  // a more convenient way of specifying your service provider classes.  if (is_string($provider)) {  $provider = $this->resolveProviderClass($provider);  }   $provider->register();   // Once we have registered the service we will iterate through the options  // and set each of them on the application so they will be available on  // the actual loading of the service objects and for developer usage.  foreach ($options as $key => $value) {  $this[$key] = $value;  }   $this->markAsRegistered($provider);   // If the application has already booted, we will call this boot method on  // the provider class so it has an opportunity to do its boot logic and  // will be ready for any usage by the developer's application logics.  if ($this->booted) {  $this->bootProvider($provider);  }   return $provider; }  
 
  

其中，EventServiceProvider和RoutingServiceProvider分别是

Illuminate\Events\EventServiceProvider
Illuminate\Routing\RoutingServiceProvider

这些ServiceProvider是 Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider 的子类，它接受一个 Application 对象作为构造函数参数，存储在实例变量 $app 中。

注入所有基础 Service Provider

在 register 方法中，每个ServiceProvider被调用了自身的 register 方法。首先看看 EventServiceProvider 中的吧。

Illuminate\Events\EventServiceProvider#register

 
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8  public function register() {  $this->app->singleton('events', function ($app) {  return (new Dispatcher($app))->setQueueResolver(function () use ($app) {  return $app->make('Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\Factory');  });  }); }  
 
  

上面方法体将一个 Illuminate\Events\Dispatcher 对象以键 events 绑定到了容器中，它负责实现事件的调度。

再看看 Illuminate\Routing\RoutingServiceProvider:

Illuminate\Routing\RoutingServiceProvider#register

 
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14  public function register() {  $this->registerRouter();   $this->registerUrlGenerator();   $this->registerRedirector();   $this->registerPsrRequest();   $this->registerPsrResponse();   $this->registerResponseFactory(); }  
 
  