LVS+Keepalived 部署

背景:

        随着公司的网站业务量的增长你网站的服务器压力越来越大？需要负载均衡方案！商业的硬件如F5又太贵，公司又是创业型互联公司如何有效节约成本，节省不必要的浪费？同时实现商业硬件一样的高性能高可用的功能？有什么好的负载均衡可伸张可扩展的方案吗？答案是肯定的！有！我们利用LVS+Keepalived基于完整开源软件的架构可以提供一个负载均衡及高可用的服务器。

一． LVS+Keepalived 介绍

1. LVS

LVS是Linux Virtual Server的简写，意即Linux虚拟服务器，是一个虚拟的服务器集群系统。本项目在1998年5月由章文嵩博士成立，是中国国内最早出现的自由软件项目之一。目前有三种IP负载均衡技术（VS/NAT、VS/TUN和VS/DR）；

八种调度算法（rr,wrr,lc,wlc,lblc,lblcr,dh,sh）。

2. Keepalvied

       Keepalived在这里主要用作RealServer的健康状态检查以及LoadBalance主机和BackUP主机之间failover的实现

二. 网站负载均衡拓朴图

1	+-------------VIP(192.168.0.100)------------------+
2	|                                   |                           |

3	|                                   |                           |
4	server(MASTER) <----keepalived----> server(BACKUP)

5	(192.168.0.1)                                         (192.168.0.2)

IP规划：

Hostname           ip

VIP 192.168.1.222

MASTER             192.168.1.202

BACKUP             192.168.1.204

REALSERVER1        192.168.1.203

REALSERVER2        192.168.1.201

三、部署步骤

安装LVS和Keepalvied软件包
   
1. MASTER下载相关软件包 

#mkdir /usr/local/src/lvs

       #cd /usr/local/src/lvs

       #wget http://www.linuxvirtualserver.org/software/kernel-2.6/ipvsadm-1.24.tar.gz

       #wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz

2. MASTER安装LVS和Keepalived 

#lsmod |grep ip_vs

        #uname -r

        2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64

        #yum install kernel-devel

        #yum -y install popt*

#yum -y install libnl*

#yum -y install openssl*

        #ln -s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-279.9.1.el6.x86_64/ /usr/src/linux

        #tar zxvf ipvsadm-1.24.tar.gz

        #cd ipvsadm-1.24

        #make && make install

        #find / -name ipvsadm  # 查看ipvsadm的位置

        #tar zxvf keepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz

        #cd keepalived-1.1.15

        #./configure  && make && make install

        #find / -name keepalived  # 查看keepalived位置                

    

        #cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/

        #cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/

        #mkdir /etc/keepalived

        #cp /usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/

        #cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

        #service keepalived start|stop     #做成系统启动服务方便管理.

3.配置LVS-DR脚本(Keepalived安装后已经有了).

#!/bin/bash

# description: start LVS of DirectorServer

#Written by : ce

VIP=172.16.0.250

RIP1=172.16.0.204

RIP2=172.16.0.205

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

logger $0 called with $1

 

case "$1" in

 

start)

           # set squid vip

           /sbin/ifconfig eth0:0 $VIP broadcast $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 up

           /sbin/route add -host $VIP dev eth0:0

 

       ;;

stop)

           ifconfig eth0:0 down

           route del $VIP

           echo "lvs_dr stoped"

           ;;

 

*)

          echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"

           exit 1

esac

4.RealServer上配置Realserver脚本(两台RealServer都绑定相同的VIP后，会产生arp冲突，这里解决arp不冲突).

        #!/bin/bash

#description Config LVS to realserver lo and apply noarp

#Written by ce

VIP=172.16.0.250

. /etc/init.d/functions

case "$1" in

        start) # 

               ifconfig lo:0 $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $VIP

               /sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP dev lo:0

               echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore

               echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce

               echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore

               echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce

               sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1

               echo "RealServer Start OK"

               ;;

        stop)

               ifconfig lo:0 down

               route del $VIP >/dev/null 2>&1

               echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore

               echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce

               echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore

               echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce

               echo "RealServer Stoped"

               ;;

        *)

               echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"

               exit 1

        esac

        exit 0     

5.MASTER 利用Keepalvied实现负载均衡和和高可用性
  1.配置在主负载均衡服务器上配置keepalived.conf

#vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

  ! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {

  router_id LVS_DEVEL

}

 # VIP1

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

    state MASTER             #备份服务器上将MASTER改为BACKUP   

    interface eth0

    virtual_router_id 51

    priority 100    # 备份服务上将100改为99

    advert_int 1

    authentication {

        auth_type PASS

        auth_pass 1111

    }

    virtual_ipaddress {

        192.168.0.100   

        #(如果有多个VIP，继续换行填写.)

    }

}

virtual_server 192.168.0.100 80 {

    delay_loop 6                  #(每隔10秒查询realserver状态)

    lb_algo wrr                  #(lvs 算法)

    lb_kind DR                  #(Direct Route)

    persistence_timeout 60        #(同一IP的连接60秒内被分配到同一台realserver)

    protocol TCP                #(用TCP协议检查realserver状态)

    real_server 192.168.0.3 80 {

        weight 3               #(权重)

        TCP_CHECK {

        connect_timeout 10       #(10秒无响应超时)

        nb_get_retry 3

        delay_before_retry 3

        connect_port 80

        }

    }

    real_server 192.168.0.4 80 {

        weight 3

        TCP_CHECK {

        connect_timeout 10

        nb_get_retry 3

        delay_before_retry 3

        connect_port 80

        }

     }

}

       

2. BACKUP服务器同上配置，先安装lvs再按装keepalived,仍后配置/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf，只需将红色标示的部分改一下即可（没配置成功，不知道为什么）.

3.  启动keepalived

 #/etc/init.d/keepalived start  启动keepalived 服务，keepalived就能利用keepalived.conf 配置文件，实现负载均衡和高可用.  整个LVS负均衡HA方案，由keepalived.conf一个文件即可搞定！

4. 查看lvs服务是否正常

#watch ipvsadm –ln

IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)

Prot LocalAddressort Scheduler Flags

  -> RemoteAddressort           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn

TCP  61.164.122.8:80 wrr persistent 60

  -> 61.164.122.10:80            Route   3      0          0

  -> 61.164.122.9:80             Route   3      0          0

#tail –f /var/log/message  监听日志，查看状态。