limits at infinity, 也是很短的一节,但其事实上起到了将极限定义从R延拓到R*的作用.
Exercise 9.10.1
First suppose
lim
n
→
+
∞
;
n
∈
N
a
n
=
L
\lim_{n→+∞;n∈\mathbf N}a_n=L
limn→+∞;n∈Nan=L, then
∀
ϵ
>
0
,
∃
M
>
0
∀ϵ>0,∃M>0
∀ϵ>0,∃M>0 s.t.
∣
a
n
−
L
∣
<
ϵ
,
∀
n
∈
N
,
n
>
M
|a_n-L|<ϵ,\quad ∀n∈\mathbf N,n>M
∣an−L∣<ϵ,∀n∈N,n>M
We let
N
=
[
M
]
+
1
>
M
N=[M]+1>M
N=[M]+1>M, then if
n
>
N
n>N
n>N, we shall have
∣
a
n
−
L
∣
<
ϵ
|a_n-L|<ϵ
∣an−L∣<ϵ, this means
lim
n
→
∞
a
n
=
L
\lim_{n→∞}a_n=L
limn→∞an=L.
Conversely, suppose
lim
n
→
∞
a
n
=
L
\lim_{n→∞}a_n=L
limn→∞an=L, then
∀
ϵ
>
0
,
∃
N
∈
N
,
N
>
0
∀ϵ>0,∃N∈\mathbf N,N>0
∀ϵ>0,∃N∈N,N>0 s.t.
∣
a
n
−
L
∣
<
ϵ
,
∀
n
∈
N
,
n
>
N
|a_n-L|<ϵ,\quad ∀n∈\mathbf N,n>N
∣an−L∣<ϵ,∀n∈N,n>N
We choose
M
=
N
M=N
M=N in Definition 9.10.3, then we can see
lim
n
→
+
∞
;
n
∈
N
a
n
=
L
\lim_{n→+∞;n∈\mathbf N}a_n=L
limn→+∞;n∈Nan=L.