代理
概述：
代理是一种模式，提供了对目标对象的间接访问方式，即通过代理访问目标对象。如此便于在目标实现的基础上增加额外的功能操作，前拦截，后拦截等，以满足自身的业务需求，同时代理模式便于扩展目标对象功能的特点也为多人所用。
今天来看一下Java的代理，代理分为静态代理和动态代理
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静态代理：静态代理的实现比较简单，代理类通过实现与目标对象相同的接口，并在类中维护一个代理对象。通过构造器塞入目标对象，赋值给代理对象，进而执行代理对象实现的接口方法，并实现前拦截，后拦截等所需的业务功能。
假设这样一个场景：有三个人，码农小明（对就是那个小明），产品经理小刘，客户张大爷，这一天张大爷对产品有了新想法，就找产品经理小刘，产品经理小刘听完张大爷的想法觉得对就跟码农小明提需求，码农小明接到需求之后就开始实现具体需求
在这个场景中张大爷不能直接找码农小明谈需求（小明接了需求产品经理干啥是吧）而是找的产品经理小刘，产品经理就是码农小张的代理，码农小明的技能都映射到产品经理那里（就是产品经理对外来说能完成具体的业务需求），而实际能完成业务的是码农小明。
具体代码如下
//接口类，就像中间介质一样，负责将小明与小刘关联在一起，实现代理的关键
public interface ICoder {
public void implDemands(String demandName);
}定义一个程序员小明，它实现了ICoder接口，并且实现了implDemands方法
//不错小明是Java程序员
public class JavaCoder implements ICoder{
private String name;
public JavaCoder(String name){
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void implDemands(String demandName) {
System.out.println(name + " 实现:" + demandName + " 使用Java!");
}
}定义一个产品经理小刘， 码农代理类，同时让他实现ICoder接口。
//没错这就是那个讨厌的产品经理小刘
public class CoderProxy implements ICoder{
private ICoder coder;
public CoderProxy(ICoder coder){
this.coder = coder;
}
@Override
public void implDemands(String demandName) {
coder.implDemands(demandName);
}
}模拟用户找产品经理增加需求。
public class Customer {
public static void main(String args[]){
//定义一个java码农
ICoder coder = new JavaCoder("小明");
//定义一个产品经理
ICoder proxy = new CoderProxy(coder);
//让产品经理实现一个需求
proxy.implDemands("张大爷需求");
}
}输出结果
小明 实现张大爷需求使用Java!总结：
代理模式包含如下角色：
- Subject:抽象主题角色。可以是接口，也可以是抽象类。
- RealSubject:真实主题角色。业务逻辑的具体执行者。
- ProxySubject:代理主题角色。内部含有RealSubject的引用,负责对真实角色的调用，并在真实主题角色处理前后做预处理和善后工作。
代理模式优点：
- 职责清晰 真实角色只需关注业务逻辑的实现，非业务逻辑部分，后期通过代理类完成即可。
- 高扩展性 不管真实角色如何变化，由于接口是固定的，代理类无需做任何改动。
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动态代理： 假设有这么一个需求，在方法执行前和执行完成后，打印系统时间。这很简单嘛，非业务逻辑，只要在代理类调用真实角色的方法前、后输出时间就可以了。像上例，只有一个implDemands方法，这样实现没有问题。但如果真实角色有10个方法，那么我们要写10遍完全相同的代码。有点追求的码农，肯定会对这种方法感到非常不爽。有些机智的小伙伴可能想到了用AOP解决这个问题。非常正确。莫非AOP和动态代理有什么关系？没错！AOP用的恰恰是动态代理。
在使用动态代理时，我们需要定义一个位于代理类与委托类之间的中介类，也叫动态代理类，这个类被要求实现InvocationHandler接口：
public class CoderDynamicProxy implements InvocationHandler{
//被代理的实例
private ICoder coder;
public CoderDynamicProxy(ICoder _coder){
this.coder = _coder;
}
//调用被代理的方法
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis());
Object result = method.invoke(coder, args);
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis());
return result;
}
}当我们调用代理类对象的方法时，这个“调用”会转送到中介类的invoke方法中，参数method标识了我们具体调用的是代理类的哪个方法，args为这个方法的参数。
我们通过一个场景类，模拟用户找产品经理更改需求。
public class DynamicClient {
public static void main(String args[]){
//要代理的真实对象
ICoder coder = new JavaCoder("小明");
//创建中介类实例
InvocationHandler handler = new CoderDynamicProxy(coder);
//获取类加载器
ClassLoader cl = coder.getClass().getClassLoader();
//动态产生一个代理类
ICoder proxy = (ICoder) Proxy.newProxyInstance(cl, coder.getClass().getInterfaces(), handler);
//通过代理类，执行doSomething方法；
proxy.implDemands("张大爷修改需求");
}
}输出结果
1501728574978
小明 实现张大爷修改需求使用Java!
1501728574979通过上述代码，就实现了，在执行委托类的所有方法前、后打印时间。还是那个熟悉的小明，但我们并没有创建代理类，也没有实现ICoder接口。这就是动态代理。
总结
总结一下，一个典型的动态代理可分为以下四个步骤：
- 创建抽象角色
- 创建真实角色
- 通过实现InvocationHandler接口创建中介类
- 通过场景类，动态生成代理类
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动态生成代理类的过程
Proxy.newProxyInstance(cl, coder.getClass().getInterfaces(), handler);
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>[] interfaces,
InvocationHandler h)
throws IllegalArgumentException
{
Objects.requireNonNull(h);
final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone();
final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
}
/*
* Look up or generate the designated proxy class.
*/
Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);
/*
* Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler.
*/
try {
if (sm != null) {
checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl);
}
final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
final InvocationHandler ih = h;
if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
public Void run() {
cons.setAccessible(true);
return null;
}
});
}
return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});
} catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
Throwable t = e.getCause();
if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) t;
} else {
throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t);
}
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
}
}getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);
private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>... interfaces) {
if (interfaces.length > 65535) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded");
}
// If the proxy class defined by the given loader implementing
// the given interfaces exists, this will simply return the cached copy;
// otherwise, it will create the proxy class via the ProxyClassFactory
return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);
}proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);
/**
* Look-up the value through the cache. This always evaluates the
* {@code subKeyFactory} function and optionally evaluates
* {@code valueFactory} function if there is no entry in the cache for given
* pair of (key, subKey) or the entry has already been cleared.
*
* @param key possibly null key
* @param parameter parameter used together with key to create sub-key and
* value (should not be null)
* @return the cached value (never null)
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code parameter} passed in or
* {@code sub-key} calculated by
* {@code subKeyFactory} or {@code value}
* calculated by {@code valueFactory} is null.
*/
public V get(K key, P parameter) {
Objects.requireNonNull(parameter);
expungeStaleEntries();
Object cacheKey = CacheKey.valueOf(key, refQueue);
// lazily install the 2nd level valuesMap for the particular cacheKey
ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> valuesMap = map.get(cacheKey);
if (valuesMap == null) {
ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> oldValuesMap
= map.putIfAbsent(cacheKey,
valuesMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
if (oldValuesMap != null) {
valuesMap = oldValuesMap;
}
}
// create subKey and retrieve the possible Supplier<V> stored by that
// subKey from valuesMap
Object subKey = Objects.requireNonNull(subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter));
Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
Factory factory = null;
while (true) {
if (supplier != null) {
// supplier might be a Factory or a CacheValue<V> instance
V value = supplier.get();
if (value != null) {
return value;
}
}
// else no supplier in cache
// or a supplier that returned null (could be a cleared CacheValue
// or a Factory that wasn't successful in installing the CacheValue)
// lazily construct a Factory
if (factory == null) {
factory = new Factory(key, parameter, subKey, valuesMap);
}
if (supplier == null) {
supplier = valuesMap.putIfAbsent(subKey, factory);
if (supplier == null) {
// successfully installed Factory
supplier = factory;
}
// else retry with winning supplier
} else {
if (valuesMap.replace(subKey, supplier, factory)) {
// successfully replaced
// cleared CacheEntry / unsuccessful Factory
// with our Factory
supplier = factory;
} else {
// retry with current supplier
supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
}
}
}
}subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter)
@Override
public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {
Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
/*
* Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this
* interface to the same Class object.
*/
Class<?> interfaceClass = null;
try {
interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
}
if (interfaceClass != intf) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
intf + " is not visible from class loader");
}
/*
* Verify that the Class object actually represents an
* interface.
*/
if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
}
/*
* Verify that this interface is not a duplicate.
*/
if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
}
}
String proxyPkg = null; // package to define proxy class in
int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;
/*
* Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the
* proxy class will be defined in the same package. Verify that
* all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package.
*/
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
int flags = intf.getModifiers();
if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {
accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
String name = intf.getName();
int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
if (proxyPkg == null) {
proxyPkg = pkg;
} else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"non-public interfaces from different packages");
}
}
}
if (proxyPkg == null) {
// if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package
proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + ".";
}
/*
* Choose a name for the proxy class to generate.
*/
long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;
/*
* Generate the specified proxy class.
*/
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);
try {
return defineClass0(loader, proxyName,
proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length);
} catch (ClassFormatError e) {
/*
* A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the
* proxy class generation code) there was some other
* invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy
* class creation (such as virtual machine limitations
* exceeded).
*/
throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString());
}
}
}byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);
这个方法返回的事生成的代理类的class文件
手动生成动态代理类
public class CodeUtil {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
byte[] classFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass("TestProxyGen", JavaCoder.class.getInterfaces());
File file = new File("D:/TestProxyGen.class");
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
fos.write(classFile);
fos.flush();
fos.close();
}
}反编译代理类内容
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
import model.proxy.ICoder;
public final class TestProxyGen extends Proxy
implements ICoder
{
private static Method m1;
private static Method m0;
private static Method m3;
private static Method m2;
public TestProxyGen(InvocationHandler paramInvocationHandler)
throws
{
super(paramInvocationHandler);
}
public final boolean equals(Object paramObject)
throws
{
try
{
return ((Boolean)this.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] { paramObject })).booleanValue();
}
catch (RuntimeException localRuntimeException)
{
throw localRuntimeException;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
}
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
public final int hashCode()
throws
{
try
{
return ((Integer)this.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue();
}
catch (RuntimeException localRuntimeException)
{
throw localRuntimeException;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
}
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
public final void implDemands(String paramString)
throws
{
try
{
this.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[] { paramString });
return;
}
catch (RuntimeException localRuntimeException)
{
throw localRuntimeException;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
}
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
public final String toString()
throws
{
try
{
return (String)this.h.invoke(this, m2, null);
}
catch (RuntimeException localRuntimeException)
{
throw localRuntimeException;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
}
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
static
{
try
{
m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") });
m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);
m3 = Class.forName("model.proxy.ICoder").getMethod("implDemands", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.String") });
m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
return;
}
catch (NoSuchMethodException localNoSuchMethodException)
{
throw new NoSuchMethodError(localNoSuchMethodException.getMessage());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException localClassNotFoundException)
{
}
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(localClassNotFoundException.getMessage());
}
}理解这个有助于接下来深入学习Spring
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