JSContext/JSValue
JSContext即JavaScript代码的运行环境。一个Context就是一个JavaScript代码执行的环境，也叫作用域。当在浏览器中运行JavaScript代码时，JSContext就相当于一个窗口，能轻松执行创建变量、运算乃至定义函数等的JavaScript代码：
//Objective-CJSContext *context = [[JSContext alloc] init];[context evaluateScript:@"var num = 5 + 5"];[context evaluateScript:@"var names = ['Grace', 'Ada', 'Margaret']"];[context evaluateScript:@"var triple = function(value) { return value * 3 }"];JSValue *tripleNum = [context evaluateScript:@"triple(num)"];//Swiftlet context = JSContext()context.evaluateScript("var num = 5 + 5")context.evaluateScript("var names = ['Grace', 'Ada', 'Margaret']")context.evaluateScript("var triple = function(value) { return value * 3 }")let tripleNum: JSValue = context.evaluateScript("triple(num)")像JavaScript这类动态语言需要一个动态类型（Dynamic Type）， 所以正如代码最后一行所示，JSContext里不同的值均封装在JSValue对象中，包括字符串、数值、数组、函数等，甚至还有Error以及null和undefined。
JSValue包含了一系列用于获取Underlying Value的方法，如下表所示：
| JavaScript Type | JSValue method | Objective-C Type | Swift Type |
| string | toString | NSString | String! |
| boolean | toBool | BOOL | Bool |
| number | toNumbertoDoubletoInt32 toUInt32 | NSNumberdoubleint32_t uint32_t | NSNumber!DoubleInt32 UInt32 |
| Date | toDate | NSDate | NSDate! |
| Array | toArray | NSArray | [AnyObject]! |
| Object | toDictionary | NSDictionary | [NSObject : AnyObject]! |
| Object | toObjecttoObjectOfClass: | custom type | custom type |
想要检索上述示例中的tripleNum值，只需使用相应的方法即可：
//Objective-CNSLog(@"Tripled: %d", [tripleNum toInt32]);// Tripled: 30//Swiftprintln("Tripled: \(tripleNum.toInt32())")// Tripled: 30下标值（Subscripting Values）
通过在JSContext和JSValue实例中使用下标符号可以轻松获取上下文环境中已存在的值。其中，JSContext放入对象和数组的只能是字符串下标，而JSValue则可以是字符串或整数下标。
//Objective-CJSValue *names = context[@"names"];JSValue *initialName = names[0];NSLog(@"The first name: %@", [initialName toString]);// The first name: Grace//Swiftlet names = context.objectForKeyedSubscript("names")let initialName = names.objectAtIndexedSubscript(0)println("The first name: \(initialName.toString())")// The first name: Grace而Swift语言毕竟才诞生不久，所以并不能像Objective-C那样自如地运用下标符号，目前，Swift的方法仅能实现objectAtKeyedSubscript()和objectAtIndexedSubscript()等下标。
函数调用（Calling Functions）
我们可以将Foundation类作为参数，从Objective-C/Swift代码上直接调用封装在JSValue的JavaScript函数。这里，JavaScriptCore再次发挥了衔接作用。
//Objective-CJSValue *tripleFunction = context[@"triple"];JSValue *result = [tripleFunction callWithArguments:@[@5] ];NSLog(@"Five tripled: %d", [result toInt32]);//Swiftlet tripleFunction = context.objectForKeyedSubscript("triple")let result = tripleFunction.callWithArguments([5])println("Five tripled: \(result.toInt32())")异常处理（Exception Handling）
JSContext还有一个独门绝技，就是通过设定上下文环境中exceptionHandler的属性，可以检查和记录语法、类型以及出现的运行时错误。exceptionHandler是一个回调处理程序，主要接收JSContext的reference，进行异常情况处理。
//Objective-Ccontext.exceptionHandler = ^(JSContext *context, JSValue *exception) {
NSLog(@"JS Error: %@", exception);};[context evaluateScript:@"function multiply(value1, value2) { return value1 * value2 "];// JS Error: SyntaxError: Unexpected end of script//Swiftcontext.exceptionHandler = { context, exception in
println("JS Error: \(exception)")}context.evaluateScript("function multiply(value1, value2) { return value1 * value2 ")// JS Error: SyntaxError: Unexpected end of scriptJavaScript函数调用
了解了从JavaScript环境中获取不同值以及调用函数的方法，那么反过来，如何在JavaScript环境中获取Objective-C或者Swift定义的自定义对象和方法呢？要从JSContext中获取本地客户端代码，主要有两种途径，分别为Blocks和JSExport协议。
Blocks （块）
在JSContext中，如果Objective-C代码块赋值为一个标识符，JavaScriptCore就会自动将其封装在JavaScript函数中，因而在JavaScript上使用Foundation和Cocoa类就更方便些——这再次验证了JavaScriptCore强大的衔接作用。现在CFStringTransform也能在JavaScript上使用了，如下所示：
//Objective-Ccontext[@"simplifyString"] = ^(NSString *input) {
NSMutableString *mutableString = [input mutableCopy];
CFStringTransform((__bridge CFMutableStringRef)mutableString, NULL, kCFStringTransformToLatin, NO);
CFStringTransform((__bridge CFMutableStringRef)mutableString, NULL, kCFStringTransformStripCombiningMarks, NO);
return mutableString;};NSLog(@"%@", [context evaluateScript:@"simplifyString('안녕하새요!')"]);//Swiftlet simplifyString: @objc_block String -> String = { input in
var mutableString = NSMutableString(string: input) as CFMutableStringRef
CFStringTransform(mutableString, nil, kCFStringTransformToLatin, Boolean(0))
CFStringTransform(mutableString, nil, kCFStringTransformStripCombiningMarks, Boolean(0))
return mutableString}context.setObject(unsafeBitCast(simplifyString, AnyObject.self), forKeyedSubscript: "simplifyString")println(context.evaluateScript("simplifyString('안녕하새요!')"))// annyeonghasaeyo!需要注意的是，Swift的speedbump只适用于Objective-C block，对Swift闭包无用。要在一个JSContext里使用闭包，有两个步骤：一是用@objc_block来声明，二是将Swift的knuckle-whitening unsafeBitCast()函数转换为 AnyObject。
内存管理（Memory Management）
代码块可以捕获变量引用，而JSContext所有变量的强引用都保留在JSContext中，所以要注意避免循环强引用问题。另外，也不要在代码块中捕获JSContext或任何JSValues，建议使用[JSContext currentContext]来获取当前的Context对象，根据具体需求将值当做参数传入block中。
JSExport协议
借助JSExport协议也可以在JavaScript上使用自定义对象。在JSExport协议中声明的实例方法、类方法，不论属性，都能自动与JavaScrip交互。文章稍后将介绍具体的实践过程。
JavaScriptCore实践
我们可以通过一些例子更好地了解上述技巧的使用方法。先定义一个遵循JSExport子协议PersonJSExport的Person model，再用JavaScript在JSON中创建和填入实例。有整个JVM，还要NSJSONSerialization干什么？
PersonJSExports和Person
Person类执行的PersonJSExports协议具体规定了可用的JavaScript属性。，在创建时，类方法必不可少，因为JavaScriptCore并不适用于初始化转换，我们不能像对待原生的JavaScript类型那样使用var person = new Person()。
//Objective-C// in Person.h -----------------@class Person;@protocol PersonJSExports <JSExport>
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *firstName;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *lastName;
@property NSInteger ageToday;
- (NSString *)getFullName;
// create and return a new Person instance with `firstName` and `lastName`
+ (instancetype)createWithFirstName:(NSString *)firstName lastName:(NSString *)lastName;@end@interface Person : NSObject <PersonJSExports>
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *firstName;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *lastName;
@property NSInteger ageToday;@end// in Person.m -----------------@implementation Person- (NSString *)getFullName {
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ %@", self.firstName, self.lastName];}+ (instancetype) createWithFirstName:(NSString *)firstName lastName:(NSString *)lastName {
Person *person = [[Person alloc] init];
person.firstName = firstName;
person.lastName = lastName;
return person;}@end//Swift// Custom protocol must be declared with `@objc`@objc protocol PersonJSExports : JSExport {
var firstName: String { get set }
var lastName: String { get set }
var birthYear: NSNumber? { get set }
func getFullName() -> String
/// create and return a new Person instance with `firstName` and `lastName`
class func createWithFirstName(firstName: String, lastName: String) -> Person}// Custom class must inherit from `NSObject`@objc class Person : NSObject, PersonJSExports {
// properties must be declared as `dynamic`
dynamic var firstName: String
dynamic var lastName: String
dynamic var birthYear: NSNumber?
init(firstName: String, lastName: String) {
self.firstName = firstName self.lastName = lastName }
class func createWithFirstName(firstName: String, lastName: String) -> Person {
return Person(firstName: firstName, lastName: lastName)
}
func getFullName() -> String {
return "\(firstName) \(lastName)"
}}配置JSContext
创建Person类之后，需要先将其导出到JavaScript环境中去，同时还需导入Mustache JS库，以便对Person对象应用模板。
//Objective-C// export Person classcontext[@"Person"] = [Person class];// load Mustache.jsNSString *mustacheJSString = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:... encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];[context evaluateScript:mustacheJSString];//Swift// export Person classcontext.setObject(Person.self, forKeyedSubscript: "Person")// load Mustache.jsif let mustacheJSString = String(contentsOfFile:..., encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding, error:nil) {
context.evaluateScript(mustacheJSString)}JavaScript数据&处理
以下简单列出一个JSON范例，以及用JSON来创建新Person实例。
注意：JavaScriptCore实现了Objective-C/Swift的方法名和JavaScript代码交互。因为JavaScript没有命名好的参数，任何额外的参数名称都采取驼峰命名法（Camel-Case），并附加到函数名称上。在此示例中，Objective-C的方法createWithFirstName:lastName:在JavaScript中则变成了createWithFirstNameLastName()。
//JSON[
{ "first": "Grace", "last": "Hopper", "year": 1906 },
{ "first": "Ada", "last": "Lovelace", "year": 1815 },
{ "first": "Margaret", "last": "Hamilton", "year": 1936 }]//JavaScriptvar loadPeopleFromJSON = function(jsonString) {
var data = JSON.parse(jsonString);
var people = [];
for (i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
var person = Person.createWithFirstNameLastName(data[i].first, data[i].last);
person.birthYear = data[i].year;
people.push(person);
}
return people;}动手一试
现在你只需加载JSON数据，并在JSContext中调用，将其解析到Person对象数组中，再用Mustache模板渲染即可：
//Objective-C// get JSON stringNSString *peopleJSON = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:... encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];// get load functionJSValue *load = context[@"loadPeopleFromJSON"];// call with JSON and convert to an NSArrayJSValue *loadResult = [load callWithArguments:@[peopleJSON]];NSArray *people = [loadResult toArray];// get rendering function and create templateJSValue *mustacheRender = context[@"Mustache"][@"render"];NSString *template = @"{{getFullName}}, born {{birthYear}}";// loop through people and render Person object as stringfor (Person *person in people) {
NSLog(@"%@", [mustacheRender callWithArguments:@[template, person]]);}// Output:// Grace Hopper, born 1906// Ada Lovelace, born 1815// Margaret Hamilton, born 1936//Swift// get JSON stringif let peopleJSON = NSString(contentsOfFile:..., encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding, error: nil) {
// get load function
let load = context.objectForKeyedSubscript("loadPeopleFromJSON")
// call with JSON and convert to an array of `Person`
if let people = load.callWithArguments([peopleJSON]).toArray() as? [Person] {
// get rendering function and create template
let mustacheRender = context.objectForKeyedSubscript("Mustache").objectForKeyedSubscript("render")
let template = "{{getFullName}}, born {{birthYear}}"
// loop through people and render Person object as string
for person in people {
println(mustacheRender.callWithArguments([template, person]))
}
}}// Output:// Grace Hopper, born 1906// Ada Lovelace, born 1815// Margaret Hamilton, born 1936和http://www.it165.net/pro/html/201404/11385.html
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