lambda表达式的基本应用

例1、用lambda表达式实现Runnable

    @Test
    public void exam1(){
        // Java 8之前：
        {
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println("Before Java8, too much code for too little to do");
                }
            }).start();
        }
        
        //Java 8方式：
        {
            new Thread( () -> System.out.println("In Java8, Lambda expression rocks !!")).start();
        }
    }

console

Before Java8, too much code for too little to do
In Java8, Lambda expression rocks !!

---

例3、使用lambda表达式对列表进行迭代

    @Test
    public void exam3(){
        // Java 8之前：
        {
            List<String> list = Arrays.asList("aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "ddd");
            for(String s : list){
                System.out.println(s);
            }
        }

        // Java 8之后:
        {
            List<String> list = Arrays.asList("aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "ddd");
            list.forEach(e -> System.out.println(e));
            //使用[方法引用]后：
            list.forEach(System.out::println);
        }
    }

console

Java 8之前
aaa
bbb
ccc
ddd
Java 8之后
aaa
bbb
ccc
ddd
aaa
bbb
ccc
ddd

---

例4、使用lambda表达式和函数式接口Predicate(谓词/断言)

    @Test
    public void exam4(){
        List<String> languages = Arrays.asList("Java", "Scala", "C++", "Haskell", "Lisp");
        Consumer<String> printString = str -> System.out.println("\t" + str);

        System.out.println("Languages which starts with 'J' :");
//        filter(languages, (str)->((String)str).startsWith("J"));
        languages.stream().filter(str->str.startsWith("J")).forEach(printString);

        System.out.println("Languages which ends with 'a' ");
        filter(languages, (str)->((String)str).endsWith("a"));
//        languages.stream().filter(str -> str.endsWith("a")).forEach(printString);

        System.out.println("Print all languages :");
//        filter(languages, (str)->true);
        languages.stream().filter(str -> true).forEach(printString);

        System.out.println("Print no language : ");
//        filter(languages, (str)->false);
        languages.stream().filter(str -> false).forEach(printString);

        System.out.println("Print language whose length greater than 4:");
//        filter(languages, (str)->((String)str).length() > 4);
        languages.stream().filter(str -> str.length() > 4).forEach(printString);
    }
    //演示
    private static void filter(List<String> names, Predicate condition) {
//        for(String name: names)  {
//            if(condition.test(name)) {
//                System.out.println("\t" + name);
//            }
//        }
        //更好的办法------filter过滤掉不需要的元素流，返回符合条件的元素流
        names.stream()
                .filter((name) -> (condition.test(name)))
                .forEach((name) ->  System.out.println("\t" + name) );
    }

console

Languages which starts with 'J' :
	Java
Languages which ends with 'a' 
	Java
	Scala
Print all languages :
	Java
	Scala
	C++
	Haskell
	Lisp
Print no language : 
Print language whose length greater than 4:
	Scala
	Haskell

---

例5、如何在lambda表达式中加入嵌套Predicate（or，and，xor）

    @Test
    public void exam5(){
        List<String> languages = Arrays.asList("Java", "Scala", "C++", "Haskell", "Lisp", "Jsp");

        Predicate<String> startWithJ = str -> str.startsWith("J");
        Predicate<String> fourLetterLong = str -> str.length() == 4;

        languages.stream()
                .filter(startWithJ.and(fourLetterLong))
                .forEach( e -> System.out.println(e));
    }

console

Java

---

例6、Java 8中使用lambda表达式的Map和Reduce示例

    @Test
    public void exam6(){
        List<Integer> costBeforeTax = Arrays.asList(100, 200, 300, 400, 500);
        //map操作
        {
            // 不使用lambda表达式为每个订单加上12%的税
            for (Integer cost : costBeforeTax) {
                double price = cost + .12*cost;
                System.out.println(price);
            }

            //map： 流元素 ----lambda表达式----->  新的流元素组成的流
            costBeforeTax.stream()
                    .map(cost -> cost + .12*cost)
                    .forEach(System.out::println);
        }

        /*reduce操作， reduce() 函数可以将所有值合并成一个。
            过程说明，例如对于流{e1,e2,e3,e4},reduce((n1, n2) -> n1 + n2)的过程如下：
            1：(e1, e2),返回a=e1+e2
            2：(a, e3) 返回b=a+e3
            3：(c, e4) 返回d=c+e4
            结束。
         */
        {
            // 为每个订单加上12%的税
            double total = 0;
            for (Integer cost : costBeforeTax) {
                double price = cost + .12*cost;
                total = total + price;
            }
            System.out.println("Total : " + total);

            // 新方法：
            double bill = costBeforeTax.stream()
                    .map((cost) -> cost + .12*cost)
                    .reduce((sum, cost) -> sum + cost)
//                    .reduce((sum, cost) -> {System.out.println("sum=" + sum + ", cost=" + cost);    return sum + cost; })  
                    .get();
            System.out.println("Total : " + bill);
        }

    }

console

112.0
224.0
336.0
448.0
560.0
112.0
224.0
336.0
448.0
560.0
Total : 1680.0
Total : 1680.0

---

例7、通过过滤创建一个String列表

    @Test
    public void exam7(){

        // 创建一个字符串列表，每个字符串长度大于2
        List<String> strList = Arrays.asList("hello", ",i", "'am", "Geliang");
        List<String> filtered = strList.stream()
                .filter(x -> x.length()> 2)
                .collect(Collectors.toList());
        System.out.printf("Original List : %s, filtered list : %s \n", strList, filtered);
    }

console

Original List : [hello, ,i, 'am, Geliang], filtered list : [hello, 'am, Geliang] 

---

例8、对列表的每个元素应用函数

    @Test
    public void exam8(){
        // 将字符串换成大写并用逗号链接起来
        List<String> G7 = Arrays.asList("USA", "Japan", "France", "Germany", "Italy", "U.K.","Canada");
        String G7Countries = G7.stream()
                .map(x -> x.toUpperCase())
                .collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
        System.out.println(G7Countries);
    }

console

USA, JAPAN, FRANCE, GERMANY, ITALY, U.K., CANADA

---

例9、复制不同的值，创建一个子列表

    @Test
    public void exam9(){
        //使用流的distinct方法去除重复的元素
        List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(9, 10, 3, 4, 7, 3, 4);
        List<Integer> distinct = numbers.stream().map( i -> i*i).distinct().collect(Collectors.toList());
        System.out.printf("Original List : %s,  Square Without duplicates : %s \n", numbers, distinct);
    }

console

Original List : [9, 10, 3, 4, 7, 3, 4],  Square Without duplicates : [81, 100, 9, 16, 49] 

---

例10、计算集合元素的最大值、最小值、总和以及平均值

    @Test
    public void exam10(){
        //summaryStatistics() --- 返回一个IntSummaryStatistics描述有关此流元素的各种摘要数据
        //获取数字的个数、最小值、最大值、总和以及平均值
        List<Integer> primes = Arrays.asList(2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29);
        IntSummaryStatistics stats = primes.stream().mapToInt((x) -> x).summaryStatistics();
        System.out.println("Highest prime number in List : " + stats.getMax());
        System.out.println("Lowest prime number in List : " + stats.getMin());
        System.out.println("Sum of all prime numbers : " + stats.getSum());
        System.out.println("Average of all prime numbers : " + stats.getAverage());
    }

console

Highest prime number in List : 29
Lowest prime number in List : 2
Sum of all prime numbers : 129
Average of all prime numbers : 12.9

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/3357774/blog/3014136