spring 自动装配

1.  项目构架

Address.java

public class Address {
	
	private String city;
	private String street;
 省略了 getter 和setter
}

Phone.java

public class Phone {
	private String brand;
	private double price;
	 省略了 getter 和setter
	}

Person.java

public class Person {
	
	private String name;
	private int age;
	
	private Phone phone;
	private Address address;
	
	 省略了 getter 和setter
	}

2. 配置bean

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd">


	<bean id="address" class="com.baidu.entity.Address" 
			p:city="ShangHai" p:street="LongGang"></bean>
			
	<bean id="phone" class="com.baidu.entity.Phone" 
			p:brand="HuaWei" p:price="4899"></bean>
			
	<!-- 手动装配 -->	
	<bean id="person1" class="com.baidu.entity.Person"
	 	p:name="Dave" p:age="45" p:phone-ref="phone" p:address-ref="address">
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 自动装配 byName :可以使用autowire 属性指定自动装配的方式 
		byName 根据bean 的名字 和当前 bean 的setter 风格的属性名进行自动装配。
			      若有匹配的，则进行自动装配，若没有，则不装配
	-->	
	<bean id="person2" class="com.baidu.entity.Person" 
			p:name="Jim" p:age="20" autowire="byName" ></bean>
	
	
	<bean id="phone2" class="com.baidu.entity.Phone" 
			p:brand="Mi" p:price="1999"></bean>
 <!-- 自动装配 byType :可以使用autowire 属性指定自动装配的方式 
		byType 根据bean 的名字 和当前 bean 的属性的类型进行自动装配，若IOC 容器中有1 个以上的和类型匹配的bean，则抛异常
 -->
	<bean id="person3" class="com.baidu.entity.Person" 
			p:name="Jim" p:age="20" autowire="byType" ></bean>

</beans>

3. 测试方法

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class TestSpringPerson {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		
		Person person1 = (Person) ac.getBean("person");
		System.out.println(person1);

		System.out.println();
		
		Person person2 = (Person) ac.getBean("person");
		System.out.println(person2);
		
		System.out.println();
		
		Person person3 = (Person) ac.getBean("person");
		System.out.println(person3);
	}
}

4. 测试结果

person1: Person [name=Dave, age=45, phone=Phone [brand=HuaWei, price=4899.0], address=Address [city=ShangHai, street=LongGang]]

person2: Person [name=Jim, age=20, phone=Phone [brand=HuaWei, price=4899.0], address=Address [city=ShangHai, street=LongGang]]

person3 ：抛异常：

Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'person3' defined in class path resource [applicationContext.xml]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through bean property 'phone': : No qualifying bean of type [com.baidu.entity.Phone] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: phone,phone2; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.baidu.entity.Phone] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: phone,phone2
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireByType(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1278)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1170)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:537)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:475)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:304)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:300)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:195)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:700)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:760)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:482)
	at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:139)
	at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:83)
	at com.baidu.entity.TestSpringPerson.main(TestSpringPerson.java:9)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.baidu.entity.Phone] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: phone,phone2
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:967)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:855)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireByType(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1263)
	... 13 more