1. 背景说明
共有A/B/C/D四个对象,其中B继承A,C和D继承B,其中A包涵eat(A a)和eat(C c),B包涵eat(A a)和eat(B b)。
2. 代码片段
public class A {
public String eat(A a){
return "A eat A";
}
public String eat(C c){
return "A eat C";
}
}
public class B extends A{
public void sing(){
}
public void cry(){
}
public String eat(A a){
return "B eat A";
}
public String eat(B b){
return "B eat B";
}
public static void main(String[] args){
A a = new A();
A b = new B();
B b1 = new B();
C c = new C();
D d = new D();
System.out.println(a.eat(a));
System.out.println(a.eat(b));
System.out.println(a.eat(c));
System.out.println(a.eat(d));
System.out.println("---------------------");
System.out.println(b.eat(a));
System.out.println(b.eat(b));
System.out.println(b.eat(c));
System.out.println(b.eat(d));
System.out.println("---------------------");
System.out.println(b1.eat(a));
System.out.println(b1.eat(b));
System.out.println(b1.eat(c));
System.out.println(b1.eat(d));
}
}
public class C extends B{
}
public class D extends B{
}
执行结果:
----------1 A a = new A()----------
A eat A
A eat A
A eat C
A eat A
----------2 A b = new B()----------
B eat A
B eat A
A eat C
B eat A
----------3 B b1 = new B();----------
B eat A
B eat A
A eat C
B eat B
3. 结果解析
- 针对 A a = new A()的操作结果,a是一个A类型对象,只有2方法,故其执行eat(a,b,c,d)时,得到结果
A eat A
A eat A
A eat C
A eat A - 针对 A b = new B()的操作结果,b是一个B类型对象,有2方法,故其执行eat(a,b,c,d)时,得到结果
B eat A
B eat A(因为b.eat(b)时,b对象是A类型的)
A eat C(因为b.eat(c)时,B的父类有该方法,故执行父类方法)
B eat A - 针对 B b1 = new B()的操作结果,b1是一个B类型对象,有2方法,故其执行eat(a,b,c,d)时,得到结果
B eat A(因为b1.eat(a)时,b1对象是B类型的,执行其覆盖方法)
B eat A(因为b1.eat(b)时,b1对象是B类型的,b是A类型的,执行其覆盖方法)
A eat C(因为b1.eat(c)时,b1对象是B类型的,执行父类方法)
B eat B(因为b1.eat(d)时,b1对象是B类型的,执行覆盖方法)
4. 多态总结
优先执行子类方法,没有则追溯其父类方法。如果子类父类均无改方法,则追溯其参数对象的父类对象。