HDFS文件命令

HDFS在设计上仿照Linux下的文件操作命令，所以对熟悉Linux文件命令的小伙伴很好上手。另外在Hadoop DFS中没有pwd概念，所有都需要全路径。（本文基于版本2.5 CDH 5.2.1）
列出命令列表、格式和帮助,以及选择一个非参数文件配置的namenode。

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hdfs dfs - usage hadoop dfs - usage ls hadoop dfs - help   - fs < local | namenode : port >        specify a namenode hdfs dfs - fs hdfs : / / test1 : 9000 - ls /

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-df [-h] [path …] :
Shows the capacity, free and used space of the filesystem. If the filesystem has
multiple partitions, and no path to a particular partition is specified, then
the status of the root partitions will be shown.

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$ hdfs dfs - df Filesystem                 Size   Used     Available   Use % hdfs : / / test1 : 9000    413544071168    98304    345612906496      0 %

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-mkdir [-p] path … :
Create a directory in specified location.

-p Do not fail if the directory already exists

-rmdir dir … :
Removes the directory entry specified by each directory argument, provided it is
empty.

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hdfs dfs - mkdir / tmp hdfs dfs - mkdir / tmp / txt hdfs dfs - rmdir / tmp / txt hdfs dfs - mkdir - p / tmp / txt / hello

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-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] localsrc … dst :
Identical to the -put command.

-copyToLocal [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] src … localdst :
Identical to the -get command.

-moveFromLocal localsrc …<dst :="" same="" as="" -put,="" except="" that="" the="" source="" is="" deleted="" after="" it’s="" copied.="" -put="" [-f]="" [-p]="" localsrc="" …="" <dst="" copy="" files="" from="" local="" file="" system="" into="" fs.="" copying="" fails="" if="" already="" exists,="" unless="" -f="" flag="" given.="" passing="" -p="" preserves="" access="" and="" modification="" times,="" ownership="" mode.="" overwrites="" destination="" it="" exists.="" -get="" [-ignorecrc]="" [-crc]="" src="" localdst="" match="" pattern="" to="" name.="" kept.="" when="" multiple="" files,="" must="" b="" e="" a="" directory.="" -getmerge="" [-nl]="" get="" all="" in="" directories="" merge="" sort="" them="" -nl="" add="" newline="" character="" at="" end="" of="" each="" file.="" -cat="" fetch="" display="" their="" content="" stdout.="" <="" p="">

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#通配符? * {} [] hdfs dfs - cat / tmp / * .txt Hello , Hadoop Hello , HDFS hdfs dfs - cat / tmp / h ? fs .txt Hello , HDFS hdfs dfs - cat / tmp / h { a , d } * .txt Hello , Hadoop Hello , HDFS hdfs dfs - cat / tmp / h [ a - d ] * .txt Hello , Hadoop Hello , HDFS echo "Hello, Hadoop" > hadoop .txt echo "Hello, HDFS" > hdfs .txt dd if = / dev / zero of = / tmp / test .zero bs = 1M count = 1024      1024 + 0 records in      1024 + 0 records out      1073741824 bytes ( 1.1 GB ) copied , 0.93978 s , 1.1 GB / s hdfs dfs - moveFromLocal / tmp / test .zero / tmp hdfs dfs - put * .txt / tmp

——————————————————————————– -ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [path …] : List the contents that match the specified file pattern. If path is not specified, the contents of /user/currentUser will be listed. Directory entries are of the form: permissions – userId groupId sizeOfDirectory(in bytes) modificationDate(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm) directoryName and file entries are of the form: permissions numberOfReplicas userId groupId sizeOfFile(in bytes) modificationDate(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm) fileName -d Directories are listed as plain files. -h Formats the sizes of files in a human-readable fashion rather than a number of bytes. -R Recursively list the contents of directories.

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hdfs dfs - ls / tmp hdfs dfs - ls - d / tmp hdfs dfs - ls - h / tmp    Found 4 items    - rw - r -- r --    3 hdfs supergroup          14 2014 - 12 - 18 10 : 00 / tmp / hadoop .txt    - rw - r -- r --    3 hdfs supergroup          12 2014 - 12 - 18 10 : 00 / tmp / hdfs .txt    - rw - r -- r --    3 hdfs supergroup          1 G 2014 - 12 - 18 10 : 19 / tmp / test .zero    drwxr - xr - x    - hdfs supergroup            0 2014 - 12 - 18 10 : 07 / tmp / txt hdfs dfs - ls - R - h / tmp    - rw - r -- r --    3 hdfs supergroup          14 2014 - 12 - 18 10 : 00 / tmp / hadoop .txt    - rw - r -- r --    3 hdfs supergroup          12 2014 - 12 - 18 10 : 00 / tmp / hdfs .txt    - rw - r -- r --    3 hdfs supergroup          1 G 2014 - 12 - 18 10 : 19 / tmp / test .zero    drwxr - xr - x    - hdfs supergroup            0 2014 - 12 - 18 10 : 07 / tmp / txt    drwxr - xr - x    - hdfs supergroup            0 2014 - 12 - 18 10 : 07 / tmp / txt / hello

——————————————————————————– -checksum src … : Dump checksum information for files that match the file pattern src to stdout. Note that this requires a round-trip to a datanode storing each block of the file, and thus is not efficient to run on a large number of files. The checksum of a file depends on its content, block size and the checksum algorithm and parameters used for creating the file.

1 2	hdfs dfs - checksum / tmp / test .zero    / tmp / test .zero MD5 - of - 262144MD5 - of - 512CRC32C 000002000000000000040000f960570129a4ef3a7e179073adceae97

——————————————————————————– -appendToFile localsrc … dst : Appends the contents of all the given local files to the given dst file. The dst file will be created if it does not exist. If localSrc is -, then the input is read from stdin.

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hdfs dfs - appendToFile * .txt hello .txt hdfs dfs - cat hello .txt    Hello , Hadoop    Hello , HDFS

——————————————————————————– -tail [-f] file : Show the last 1KB of the file.

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hdfs dfs - tail - f hello .txt #waiting for output. then Ctrl + C #another terminal hdfs dfs - appendToFile - hello .txt #then type something

——————————————————————————– -cp [-f] [-p | -p[topax]] src …<dst :="" copy="" files="" that="" match="" the="" file="" pattern="" src="" to="" a="" destination.="" when="" copying="" multiple="" files,="" destination="" must="" be="" directory.="" passing="" -p="" preserves="" status="" [topax]="" (timestamps,="" ownership,="" permission,="" acls,="" xattr).="" if="" is="" specified="" with="" no="" arg,="" then="" timestamps,="" permission.="" -pa="" -f="" overwrites="" it="" already="" exists.="" raw="" namespace="" extended="" attributes="" are="" preserved="" (1)="" they="" supported="" (hdfs="" and,="" (2)="" all="" of="" source="" and="" target="" pathnames="" in="" .reserved="" hierarchy.="" xattr="" preservation="" determined="" solely="" by="" presence="" (or="" absence)="" prefix="" not="" option.="" -mv="" …="" dst="" move="" dst.="" moving="" -rm="" [-f]="" [-r|-r]="" [-skiptrash]="" delete="" pattern.="" equivalent="" unix="" command="" “rm="" src”="" -skiptrash="" option="" bypasses="" trash,="" enabled,="" immediately="" deletes="" does="" exist,="" do="" display="" diagnostic="" message="" or="" modify="" exit="" reflect="" an="" error.="" -[rr]="" recursively="" directories="" -stat="" [format]="" path="" print="" statistics="" about="" directory="" at="" format.="" format="" accepts="" filesize="" blocks="" (%b),="" group="" name="" owner(%g),="" filename="" (%n),="" block="" size="" (%o),="" replication="" (%r),="" user="" owner(%u),="" modification="" date="" (%y,="" %y)="" <="" p="">

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hdfs dfs - stat / tmp / hadoop .txt      2014 - 12 - 18 02 : 00 : 08 hdfs dfs - cp - p - f / tmp / hello .txt / tmp / hello .txt .bak hdfs dfs - stat / tmp / hadoop .txt .bak hdfs dfs - rm / tmp / not_exists      rm : ` / tmp / not _exists' : No such file or directory echo $ ?      1 hdfs dfs - rm - f / tmp / 123321123123123 echo $ ? 0

——————————————————————————– -count [-q] path … : Count the number of directories, files and bytes under the paths that match the specified file pattern. The output columns are: DIR_COUNT FILE_COUNT CONTENT_SIZE FILE_NAME or QUOTA REMAINING_QUOTA SPACE_QUOTA REMAINING_SPACE_QUOTA DIR_COUNT FILE_COUNT CONTENT_SIZE FILE_NAME -du [-s] [-h] path … : Show the amount of space, in bytes, used by the files that match the specified file pattern. The following flags are optional: -s Rather than showing the size of each individual file that matches the pattern, shows the total (summary) size. -h Formats the sizes of files in a human-readable fashion rather than a number of bytes. Note that, even without the -s option, this only shows size summaries one level deep into a directory. The output is in the form size name(full path)

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hdfs dfs - count / tmp            3              3          1073741850 / tmp hdfs dfs - du / tmp      14            / tmp / hadoop .txt      12            / tmp / hdfs .txt      1073741824    / tmp / test .zero      0            / tmp / txt hdfs dfs - du - s / tmp      1073741850    / tmp hdfs dfs - du - s - h / tmp      1.0 G    / tmp

——————————————————————————– -chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH… : This is equivalent to -chown … :GROUP … -chmod [-R] MODE[,MODE]… | OCTALMODE PATH… : Changes permissions of a file. This works similar to the shell’s chmod command with a few exceptions. -R modifies the files recursively. This is the only option currently supported. MODE Mode is the same as mode used for the shell’s command. The only letters recognized are ‘rwxXt’, e.g. +t,a+r,g-w,+rwx,o=r. OCTALMODE Mode specifed in 3 or 4 digits. If 4 digits, the first may be 1 or 0 to turn the sticky bit on or off, respectively. Unlike the shell command, it is not possible to specify only part of the mode, e.g. 754 is same as u=rwx,g=rx,o=r. If none of ‘augo’ is specified, ‘a’ is assumed and unlike the shell command, no umask is applied. -chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH… : Changes owner and group of a file. This is similar to the shell’s chown command with a few exceptions. -R modifies the files recursively. This is the only option currently supported. If only the owner or group is specified, then only the owner or group is modified. The owner and group names may only consist of digits, alphabet, and any of [-_./@a-zA-Z0-9]. The names are case sensitive. WARNING: Avoid using ‘.’ to separate user name and group though Linux allows it. If user names have dots in them and you are using local file system, you might see surprising results since the shell command ‘chown’ is used for local files. -touchz path … : Creates a file of zero length at path with current time as the timestamp of that path. An error is returned if the file exists with non-zero length

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hdfs dfs - mkdir - p / user / spark / tmp hdfs dfs - chown - R spark : hadoop / user / spark hdfs dfs - chmod - R 775 / user / spark / tmp hdfs dfs - ls - d / user / spark / tmp      drwxrwxr - x    - spark hadoop            0 2014 - 12 - 18 14 : 51 / user / spark / tmp hdfs dfs - chmod + t / user / spark / tmp #user:spark      hdfs dfs - touchz / user / spark / tmp / own_by_spark #user:hadoop useradd - g hadoop hadoop su - hadoop id      uid = 502 ( hadoop ) gid = 492 ( hadoop ) groups = 492 ( hadoop ) hdfs dfs - rm / user / spark / tmp / own_by_spark rm : Permission denied by sticky bit setting : user = hadoop , inode = own_by_spark #使用超级管理员(dfs.permissions.superusergroup = hdfs),可以无视sticky位设置

——————————————————————————– -test -[defsz] path : Answer various questions about path, with result via exit status. -d return 0 if path is a directory. -e return 0 if path exists. -f return 0 if path is a file. -s return 0 if file path is greater than zero bytes in size. -z return 0 if file path is zero bytes in size, else return 1.

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hdfs dfs - test - d / tmp echo $ ?      0 hdfs dfs - test - f / tmp / txt echo $ ?      1

——————————————————————————– -setrep [-R] [-w] rep path … : Set the replication level of a file. If path is a directory then the command recursively changes the replication factor of all files under the directory tree rooted at path. -w It requests that the command waits for the replication to complete. This can potentially take a very long time.

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hdfs fsck / tmp / test .zero - blocks - locations      Average block replication : 3.0 hdfs dfs - setrep - w 4    / tmp / test .zero      Replication 4 set : / tmp / test .zero      Waiting for / tmp / test .zero . . . . done hdfs fsck / tmp / test .zero - blocks      Average block replication : 4.0

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